import random #導入random模塊python
randint(a,b) 返回[a,b]之間的整數dom
random.randint(0,9)
randrange([start],stop,[step]) 從指定範圍內,按指定step基數遞增的集合中,獲取一個隨機數,基數缺省爲1spa
random.randrange(2,15,5)
7
choice(seq) 從非空序列的元素中隨機挑選一個元素code
random.choice(range(10)) random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
list = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] random.choice(list)
random.shuffle(list) 就地打亂列表元素對象
list = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
random.shuffle(list)
list
[2, 4, 7, 0, 3, 9, 8, 6, 1, 5]
sample(population,k) 從樣本空間或整體(序列或集合類型)中隨機取出k個不一樣元素,返回一個新的列表blog
random.sample([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],2) [5, 4] random.sample([1,1,1,1],2) [1, 1]
tuple,有序的元素組成的集合,使用小括號()表示索引
元組是不可變的對象ip
tuple() #空元組 t = tuple() t = () t = tuple(range(1,7,2)) t = (2,4,6,3,4,2) t = (1,) #一個元素的元組定義,必須有逗號 t = (1,)*5 t = (1,2,3)*6
tuple[index] 正負索引不能夠超界,不然報異常IndexError字符串
t = (1,2,3,4,5) t[-2] 4 t[6] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IndexError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-15-d806090743c9> in <module> ----> 1 t[6] IndexError: tuple index out of range
元組不可改變,不支持元素賦值input
t[-2] = 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-16-748d3b852e35> in <module> ----> 1 t[-2] = 5 TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
元組中的列表能夠改變
t = (1,2,3,[1,2,3],5) t[-2][0] = 9 t (1, 2, 3, [9, 2, 3], 5)
t = ([1,2],[3,4])*3 t ([1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [3, 4]) t[0][0] = 9 t ([9, 2], [3, 4], [9, 2], [3, 4], [9, 2], [3, 4])
index(value,start,stop) #經過元素值value,從指定區間查找元組內的元素是否匹配,匹配第一個就當即返回索引,匹配不到報異常ValueError,時間複雜度O(n)
t = (2,3,4,5,6) t.index(4,0,3) 2
count(value) #返回元組中元素值value匹配次數,時間複雜度O(n)
t = (2,3,4,5,6) t.count(2) 1
len(tuple) #返回元素個數,時間複雜度O(1)
t = (2,3,4,5,6) len(t) 5
namedtuple(typename,field_names,verbose=False,rename=False)
定義一個元組的子類,並定義了字段
field_names能夠是空白符或者逗號分割的字段的字符串,能夠是字段的列表
from collections import namedtuple
# import collections
# collections.namedtuple() #兩種導入方法 point = namedtuple('Point',['x','y']) point __main__.Point
定義2個學生
from collections import namedtuple point = namedtuple('student',['name','age']) #多種寫法 # point = namedtuple('student','name,age') # point = namedtuple('student','name age') tom = point('tom',17) tom student(name='tom', age=17) jerry = point('jerry',18) jerry student(name='jerry', age=18)