最近在用Netty作開發,須要提供一個http web server,供調用方調用。採用Netty自己提供的HttpServerCodec
handler進行Http協議的解析,可是須要本身提供路由。java
最開始是經過對Http method及uri 採用多層if else 嵌套判斷的方法路由到真正的controller類:git
String uri = request.uri();
HttpMethod method = request.method();
if (method == HttpMethod.POST) {
if (uri.startsWith("/login")) {
//url參數解析,調用controller的方法
} else if (uri.startsWith("/logout")) {
//同上
}
} else if (method == HttpMethod.GET) {
if (uri.startsWith("/")) {
} else if (uri.startsWith("/status")) {
}
}
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在只需提供login
及logout
API時,代碼能夠完成功能,但是隨着API的數量愈來愈多,須要支持的方法及uri愈來愈多,else if
愈來愈多,代碼愈來愈複雜。github
在阿里開發手冊中也提到過:web
所以首先考慮採用狀態設計模式及策略設計模式重構。設計模式
首先咱們知道每一個http請求都是由method及uri來惟一標識的,所謂路由就是經過這個惟一標識定位到controller類的中的某個方法。bash
所以把HttpLabel做爲狀態app
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class HttpLabel {
private String uri;
private HttpMethod method;
}
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狀態接口:ide
public interface Route {
/** * 路由 * * @param request * @return */
GeneralResponse call(FullHttpRequest request);
}
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爲每一個狀態添加狀態實現:測試
public void route() {
//單例controller類
final DemoController demoController = DemoController.getInstance();
Map<HttpLabel, Route> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(new HttpLabel("/login", HttpMethod.POST), demoController::login);
map.put(new HttpLabel("/logout", HttpMethod.POST), demoController::login);
}
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接到請求,判斷狀態,調用不一樣接口:ui
public class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {
@Override
public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) {
String uri = request.uri();
GeneralResponse generalResponse;
if (uri.contains("?")) {
uri = uri.substring(0, uri.indexOf("?"));
}
Route route = map.get(new HttpLabel(uri, request.method()));
if (route != null) {
ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, route.call(request));
} else {
generalResponse = new GeneralResponse(HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "請檢查你的請求方法及url", null);
ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, generalResponse);
}
}
}
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使用狀態設計模式重構代碼,在增長url時只須要網map裏面put一個值就好了。
後來看了 JAVA反射+運行時註解實現URL路由 發現反射+註解的方式很優雅,代碼也不復雜。
下面介紹Netty使用反射實現URL路由。
路由註解:
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RequestMapping {
/** * 路由的uri * * @return */
String uri();
/** * 路由的方法 * * @return */
String method();
}
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掃描classpath下帶有@RequestMapping
註解的方法,將這個方法放進一個路由Map:Map<HttpLabel, Action<GeneralResponse>> httpRouterAction
,key爲上面提到過的Http惟一標識 HttpLabel
,value爲經過反射調用的方法:
@Slf4j
public class HttpRouter extends ClassLoader {
private Map<HttpLabel, Action<GeneralResponse>> httpRouterAction = new HashMap<>();
private String classpath = this.getClass().getResource("").getPath();
private Map<String, Object> controllerBeans = new HashMap<>();
@Override
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
String path = classpath + name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
byte[] bytes;
try (InputStream ins = new FileInputStream(path)) {
try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 5];
int b = 0;
while ((b = ins.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer, 0, b);
}
bytes = out.toByteArray();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException();
}
return defineClass(name, bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
public void addRouter(String controllerClass) {
try {
Class<?> cls = loadClass(controllerClass);
Method[] methods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method invokeMethod : methods) {
Annotation[] annotations = invokeMethod.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
if (annotation.annotationType() == RequestMapping.class) {
RequestMapping requestMapping = (RequestMapping) annotation;
String uri = requestMapping.uri();
String httpMethod = requestMapping.method().toUpperCase();
// 保存Bean單例
if (!controllerBeans.containsKey(cls.getName())) {
controllerBeans.put(cls.getName(), cls.newInstance());
}
Action action = new Action(controllerBeans.get(cls.getName()), invokeMethod);
//若是須要FullHttpRequest,就注入FullHttpRequest對象
Class[] params = invokeMethod.getParameterTypes();
if (params.length == 1 && params[0] == FullHttpRequest.class) {
action.setInjectionFullhttprequest(true);
}
// 保存映射關係
httpRouterAction.put(new HttpLabel(uri, new HttpMethod(httpMethod)), action);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("{}", e);
}
}
public Action getRoute(HttpLabel httpLabel) {
return httpRouterAction.get(httpLabel);
}
}
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經過反射調用controller
類中的方法:
@Data
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class Action<T> {
@NonNull
private Object object;
@NonNull
private Method method;
private boolean injectionFullhttprequest;
public T call(Object... args) {
try {
return (T) method.invoke(object, args);
} catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
log.warn("{}", e);
}
return null;
}
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ServerHandler.java
處理以下:
//根據不一樣的請求API作不一樣的處理(路由分發)
Action<GeneralResponse> action = httpRouter.getRoute(new HttpLabel(uri, request.method()));
if (action != null) {
if (action.isInjectionFullhttprequest()) {
ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, action.call(request));
} else {
ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, action.call());
}
} else {
//錯誤處理
generalResponse = new GeneralResponse(HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "請檢查你的請求方法及url", null);
ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, generalResponse);
}
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DemoController
方法配置:
@RequestMapping(uri = "/login", method = "POST")
public GeneralResponse login(FullHttpRequest request) {
User user = JsonUtil.fromJson(request, User.class);
log.info("/login called,user: {}", user);
return new GeneralResponse(null);
}
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測試結果以下:
完整代碼在 github.com/morethink/N…