ios緩存機制詳解

 

功能需求html

這個緩存機制知足下面這些功能。web

一、能夠將數據緩存到本地磁盤。緩存

二、能夠判斷一個資源是否已經被緩存。若是已經被緩存,在請求相同的資源,先到本地磁盤搜索。session

三、能夠判斷文件緩存何時過時。這裏爲了簡單起見這裏,咱們在請求url資源的時候,給每次請求的文件設定一個過時的時間。併發

四、能夠實現:若是文件已經被緩存,並且沒有過時,這將本地的數據返回,不然從新請求url。ide

五、能夠實現:若是文件下載不成功或者下載沒有完成,下次打開程序的時候,移除這些沒有成功或者沒有下載完成的文件。測試

六、能夠實現:同時請求或者下載多個資源。網站

設計實現:ui

一、設計一個CacheItem類,用來請求一個web鏈接,它的一個實例表示一個緩存項。這個CacheItem類,須要一個url建立一個NSURLConnection,去請求web資源。使用CacheItem類主要用來請求web資源。atom

/* ---------緩存項-------------- */

@interface CacheItem : NSObject {
@public
  id<CacheItemDelegate> delegate;
    //web地址
  NSString              *remoteURL;
@private
    //是否正在下載
  BOOL                  isDownloading;
       //NSMutableData對象
  NSMutableData         *connectionData;
    //NSURLConnection對象
  NSURLConnection       *connection;
}

/* -------------------------- */

@property (nonatomic, assign) id<CacheItemDelegate> delegate;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString  *remoteURL;
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL      isDownloading;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableData *connectionData;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSURLConnection *connection;

/* ----------開始下載方法----------- */

- (BOOL) startDownloadingURL:(NSString *)paramRemoteURL;

@end

二、在NSURLConnection開始請求以前,調用CachedDownloadManager類,來搜索和管理本地的緩存文件。將緩存文件的狀況保存到一個字典類中。這個字典設計以下:

{
  "http://www.cnn.com" =     {
    DownloadEndDate = "2011-08-02 07:51:57 +0100";
    DownloadStartDate = "2011-08-02 07:51:55 +0100";
    ExpiresInSeconds = 20;
    ExpiryDate = "2011-08-02 07:52:17 +0100";
    LocalURL = "/var/mobile/Applications/ApplicationID/Documents/
                httpwww.cnn.com.cache";
  };
  "http://www.baidu.com" =     {
    DownloadEndDate = "2011-08-02 07:51:49 +0100";
    DownloadStartDate = "2011-08-02 07:51:44 +0100";
    ExpiresInSeconds = 20;
    ExpiryDate = "2011-08-02 07:52:09 +0100";
    LocalURL = "/var/mobile/Applications/ApplicationID/Documents/
                httpwww.oreilly.com.cache";
  };
}

上面這個字典裏面嵌套了字典。裏面那層字典表示一個緩存項的緩存信息:下載結束時間、下載開始時間、緩存有效時間、緩存過時時間、緩存到本地的路徑。

   下面看下CachedDownloadManager類。用它來實現和封裝咱們的緩存策略。 

/* -----------CachedDownloadManager-------------- */

@interface CachedDownloadManager : NSObject
                                   <CacheItemDelegate> {
@public
  id<CachedDownloadManagerDelegate>  delegate;
@private
//記錄緩存數據的字典
  NSMutableDictionary                *cacheDictionary;
                                       //緩存的路徑
  NSString                           *cacheDictionaryPath;
}


@property (nonatomic, assign)
id<CachedDownloadManagerDelegate> delegate;

@property (nonatomic, copy)
NSMutableDictionary *cacheDictionary;

@property (nonatomic, retain)
NSString *cacheDictionaryPath;


/* 保持緩存字典 */

- (BOOL) saveCacheDictionary;

/* 公有方法:下載 */

- (BOOL)         download:(NSString *)paramURLAsString
   urlMustExpireInSeconds:(NSTimeInterval)paramURLMustExpireInSeconds
updateExpiryDateIfInCache:(BOOL)paramUpdateExpiryDateIfInCache;

/* -------------------------- */

@end

從上面代碼能夠看出,這個管理緩存的類中,有一個緩存字典:cacheDictionary,用來表示全部資源的緩存狀況;cacheDictionaryPath用來表示緩存的路徑;saveCacheDictionary用來將緩存字典歸檔到本地文件中。download:urlMustExpireInSeconds:updateExpiryDateIfInCache是一個公共接口,經過傳遞url、緩存過時時間、是否更新緩存過時時間三個參數來方便的使用,實現咱們的緩存策略。

三、若是這個文件已經被下載,並且沒有過時,則從本地獲取文件的數據。若是文件已通過期,則從新下載。咱們經過download:urlMustExpireInSeconds:updateExpiryDateIfInCache方法來實現,主要看這個方法的代碼:

/* ---------下載-------------- */

- (BOOL)         download:(NSString *)paramURLAsString
   urlMustExpireInSeconds:(NSTimeInterval)paramURLMustExpireInSeconds
updateExpiryDateIfInCache:(BOOL)paramUpdateExpiryDateIfInCache{
 
  BOOL result = NO;
 
  if (self.cacheDictionary == nil ||
      [paramURLAsString length] == 0){
    return(NO);
  }
 
  paramURLAsString = [paramURLAsString lowercaseString];
  //根據url,從字典中獲取緩存項的相關數據
  NSMutableDictionary *itemDictionary =
  [self.cacheDictionary objectForKey:paramURLAsString];
 
  /* 使用下面這些變量幫助咱們理解緩存邏輯 */
    //文件是否已經被緩存
  BOOL    fileHasBeenCached = NO;
    //緩存是否過時
  BOOL    cachedFileHasExpired = NO;
    //緩存文件是否存在
  BOOL    cachedFileExists = NO;
    //緩存文件可否被加載
  BOOL    cachedFileDataCanBeLoaded = NO;
    //緩存文件數據
  NSData  *cachedFileData = nil;
    //緩存文件是否徹底下載
  BOOL    cachedFileIsFullyDownloaded = NO;
    //緩存文件是否已經下載
  BOOL    cachedFileIsBeingDownloaded = NO;
  //過時時間
  NSDate    *expiryDate = nil;
    //下載結束時間
  NSDate    *downloadEndDate = nil;
    //下載開始時間
  NSDate    *downloadStartDate = nil;
    //本地緩存路徑
  NSString  *localURL = nil;
    //有效時間
  NSNumber  *expiresInSeconds = nil;
  NSDate    *now = [NSDate date];
 
  if (itemDictionary != nil){
    fileHasBeenCached = YES;
  }
  //若是文件已經被緩存,則從緩存項相關數據中獲取相關的值
  if (fileHasBeenCached == YES){
   
    expiryDate = [itemDictionary
                  objectForKey:CachedKeyExpiryDate];
   
    downloadEndDate = [itemDictionary
                       objectForKey:CachedKeyDownloadEndDate];
   
    downloadStartDate = [itemDictionary
                         objectForKey:CachedKeyDownloadStartDate];
   
    localURL = [itemDictionary
                objectForKey:CachedKeyLocalURL];
   
    expiresInSeconds = [itemDictionary
                        objectForKey:CachedKeyExpiresInSeconds];
    //若是下載開始和結束時間不爲空,表示文件所有被下載
    if (downloadEndDate != nil &&
        downloadStartDate != nil){
      cachedFileIsFullyDownloaded = YES;
    }
   
    /* 若是expiresInSeconds不爲空,downloadEndDate爲空,表示文件已經正在下載 */
    if (expiresInSeconds != nil &&
        downloadEndDate == nil){
      cachedFileIsBeingDownloaded = YES;
    }
   
    /* 判斷緩存是否過時 */
    if (expiryDate != nil &&
        [now timeIntervalSinceDate:expiryDate] > 0.0){
      cachedFileHasExpired = YES;
    }
   
    if (cachedFileHasExpired == NO){
      /* 若是緩存文件沒有過時,加載緩存文件,而且更新過時時間 */
      NSFileManager *fileManager = [[NSFileManager alloc] init];
     
      if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:localURL] == YES){
        cachedFileExists = YES;
        cachedFileData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:localURL];
        if (cachedFileData != nil){
          cachedFileDataCanBeLoaded = YES;
        } /* if (cachedFileData != nil){ */
      } /* if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:localURL] == YES){ */
     
      [fileManager release];
     
      /* 更新緩存時間 */
     
      if (paramUpdateExpiryDateIfInCache == YES){
       
        NSDate *newExpiryDate =
        [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:
         paramURLMustExpireInSeconds];
       
        NSLog(@"Updating the expiry date from %@ to %@.",
              expiryDate,
              newExpiryDate);
       
        [itemDictionary setObject:newExpiryDate
                           forKey:CachedKeyExpiryDate];
       
        NSNumber *expires =
        [NSNumber numberWithFloat:paramURLMustExpireInSeconds];
       
        [itemDictionary setObject:expires
                           forKey:CachedKeyExpiresInSeconds];
      }
     
    } /* if (cachedFileHasExpired == NO){ */
   
  }
 
  if (cachedFileIsBeingDownloaded == YES){
    NSLog(@"這個文件已經正在下載...");
    return(YES);
  }
 
  if (fileHasBeenCached == YES){
   
    if (cachedFileHasExpired == NO &&
        cachedFileExists == YES &&
        cachedFileDataCanBeLoaded == YES &&
        [cachedFileData length] > 0 &&
        cachedFileIsFullyDownloaded == YES){
     
      /* 若是文件有緩存並且沒有過時 */
     
      NSLog(@"文件有緩存並且沒有過時.");
     
      [self.delegate
       cachedDownloadManagerSucceeded:self
       remoteURL:[NSURL URLWithString:paramURLAsString]
       localURL:[NSURL URLWithString:localURL]
       aboutToBeReleasedData:cachedFileData
       isCachedData:YES];
     
      return(YES);
     
    } else {
      /* 若是文件沒有被緩存,獲取緩存失敗 */
      NSLog(@"文件沒有緩存.");
      [self.cacheDictionary removeObjectForKey:paramURLAsString];
      [self saveCacheDictionary];
    } /* if (cachedFileHasExpired == NO && */
   
  } /* if (fileHasBeenCached == YES){ */
 
  /* 去下載文件 */
 
 
  NSNumber *expires =
  [NSNumber numberWithFloat:paramURLMustExpireInSeconds];
 
  NSMutableDictionary *newDictionary =
  [[[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init] autorelease];
 
  [newDictionary setObject:expires
                    forKey:CachedKeyExpiresInSeconds];
 
 
  localURL = [paramURLAsString
              stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
              NSUTF8StringEncoding];
 
  localURL = [localURL stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"://"
                                                 withString:@""];
 
  localURL = [localURL stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"/"
                                                 withString:@"{1}quot;];
 
  localURL = [localURL stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"cache"];
 
  NSString *documentsDirectory =
  [self documentsDirectoryWithTrailingSlash:NO];
 
  localURL = [documentsDirectory
              stringByAppendingPathComponent:localURL];
 
  [newDictionary setObject:localURL
                    forKey:CachedKeyLocalURL];
 
  [newDictionary setObject:now
                    forKey:CachedKeyDownloadStartDate];
 
  [self.cacheDictionary setObject:newDictionary
                           forKey:paramURLAsString];
 
  [self saveCacheDictionary];
 
  CacheItem *item = [[[CacheItem alloc] init] autorelease];
  [item setDelegate:self];
  [item startDownloadingURL:paramURLAsString];
 
  return(result);
 
}

四、下面咱們設計緩存項下載成功和失敗的兩個委託方法:

@protocol CacheItemDelegate <NSObject>
//下載成功執行該方法
- (void) cacheItemDelegateSucceeded
  :(CacheItem *)paramSender
  withRemoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL
  withAboutToBeReleasedData:(NSData *)paramAboutToBeReleasedData;

//下載失敗執行該方法
- (void) cacheItemDelegateFailed
  :(CacheItem *)paramSender
  remoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL
  withError:(NSError *)paramError;

@end

當咱們下載成功的時候,修改緩存字典中的下載時間,表示已經下載完成,並且須要將請求的資源數據緩存到本地:

//緩存項的委託方法
- (void) cacheItemDelegateSucceeded:(CacheItem *)paramSender
         withRemoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL
        withAboutToBeReleasedData:(NSData *)paramAboutToBeReleasedData{
 
  //從緩存字典中獲取該緩存項的相關數據
  NSMutableDictionary *dictionary =
  [self.cacheDictionary objectForKey:[paramRemoteURL absoluteString]];
  //取當前時間
  NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
  //獲取有效時間
  NSNumber *expiresInSeconds = [dictionary
                                objectForKey:CachedKeyExpiresInSeconds];
  //轉換成NSTimeInterval
  NSTimeInterval expirySeconds = [expiresInSeconds floatValue];
  //修改字典中緩存項的下載結束時間
  [dictionary setObject:[NSDate date]
                 forKey:CachedKeyDownloadEndDate];
  //修改字典中緩存項的緩存過時時間
  [dictionary setObject:[now dateByAddingTimeInterval:expirySeconds]
                 forKey:CachedKeyExpiryDate];
  //保存緩存字典
  [self saveCacheDictionary];
 
  NSString *localURL = [dictionary objectForKey:CachedKeyLocalURL];
 
  /* 將下載的數據保持到磁盤 */
  if ([paramAboutToBeReleasedData writeToFile:localURL
                                   atomically:YES] == YES){
    NSLog(@"緩存文件到磁盤成功.");
  } else{
    NSLog(@"緩存文件到磁盤失敗.");
  }
  //執行緩存管理的委託方法
  [self.delegate
   cachedDownloadManagerSucceeded:self
   remoteURL:paramRemoteURL
   localURL:[NSURL URLWithString:localURL]
   aboutToBeReleasedData:paramAboutToBeReleasedData
   isCachedData:NO];
  
}

若是下載失敗咱們須要從緩存字典中移除改緩存項:

//緩存項失敗失敗的委託方法
- (void) cacheItemDelegateFailed:(CacheItem *)paramSender
                       remoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL
                       withError:(NSError *)paramError{
 
  /* 從緩存字典中移除緩存項,併發送一個委託 */
 
  if (self.delegate != nil){
   
    NSMutableDictionary *dictionary =
    [self.cacheDictionary
     objectForKey:[paramRemoteURL absoluteString]];
   
    NSString *localURL = [dictionary
                          objectForKey:CachedKeyLocalURL];
   
    [self.delegate
     cachedDownloadManagerFailed:self
     remoteURL:paramRemoteURL
     localURL:[NSURL URLWithString:localURL]
     withError:paramError];
  }
 
  [self.cacheDictionary
   removeObjectForKey:[paramRemoteURL absoluteString]];
 
}

五、加載緩存字典的時候,咱們能夠將沒有下載完成的文件移除:
  //初始化緩存字典
    NSString *documentsDirectory =
    [self documentsDirectoryWithTrailingSlash:YES];
    //生產緩存字典的路徑
    cacheDictionaryPath =
    [[documentsDirectory
      stringByAppendingString:@"CachedDownloads.dic"] retain];
    //建立一個NSFileManager實例
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [[NSFileManager alloc] init];
    //判斷是否存在緩存字典的數據
    if ([fileManager
         fileExistsAtPath:self.cacheDictionaryPath] == YES){
        NSLog(self.cacheDictionaryPath);
      //加載緩存字典中的數據
      NSMutableDictionary *dictionary =
      [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
       initWithContentsOfFile:self.cacheDictionaryPath];
     
      cacheDictionary = [dictionary mutableCopy];
     
      [dictionary release];
     
      //移除沒有下載完成的緩存數據
      [self removeCorruptedCachedItems];
     
    } else {
      //建立一個新的緩存字典
      NSMutableDictionary *dictionary =
      [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
     
      cacheDictionary = [dictionary mutableCopy];
     
      [dictionary release];
     
    }
 
這樣就基本上完成了咱們須要的功能,下面看看咱們如何使用咱們設計的緩存功能。

例子場景:

    咱們用一個UIWebView來顯示stackoverflow這個網站,咱們在這個網站的內容緩存到本地20秒,若是在20秒內用戶去請求該網站,則從本地文件中獲取內容,不然過了20秒,則從新獲取數據,並緩存到本地。

    在界面上拖放一個button和一個webview控件

 
這樣咱們能夠很方便使用前面定義好的類。咱們在viewDidLoad 中實例化一個CachedDownloadManager,並設置它的委託爲self。當下載完成的時候,執行CachedDownloadManager的下載成功的委託方法。
- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad]; 
   [self setTitle:@"本地緩存測試"];
   CachedDownloadManager *newManager = [[CachedDownloadManager alloc] init]; 
   self.downloadManager = newManager; 
   [newManager release]; 
   [self.downloadManager setDelegate:self]; 
}

在button的點擊事件中加入下面代碼,請求stackoverflow :

 static NSString *url = @"http://stackoverflow.com"; [self.downloadManager download:url urlMustExpireInSeconds:20.0f updateExpiryDateIfInCache:YES];

    上面的代碼表示將這個stackoverflow的緩存事件設置爲20s,而且若是在20s內有相同的請求,則從本地獲取stackoverflow的內容數據。updateExpiryDateIfInCache設置爲yes表示:在此請求的時候,緩存時間又更新爲20s,相似咱們的session。若是設置成no,則第一次請求20s以後,該緩存就過時。

    請求完成以後會執行CachedDownloadManager的委託方法。咱們將數據展現在uiwebview中,代碼以下:

- (void) cachedDownloadManagerSucceeded:(CachedDownloadManager *)paramSender remoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL localURL:(NSURL *)paramLocalURL aboutToBeReleasedData:(NSData *)paramAboutToBeReleasedData isCachedData:(BOOL)paramIsCachedData{
   [webview loadData:paramAboutToBeReleasedData MIMEType:@"text/html" textEncodingName:@"UTF-8" baseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://stackoverflow.com"]];
 }
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