目的:使用Lambada方式,完成對WebApi的開發和調用。java
原因:爲了解耦服務和展示,將愈來愈多的使用WebApi提供各類服務;隨着服務的細化,WebApi的接口將愈來愈多,成百上千。如何方便的管理和調用規模龐大的WebApi接口成了開發者頭疼的問題。
設計:經過自定義的QuickWebApiAttribute來對業務接口進行規範和說明,並生成配置文件;能夠經過修改配置文件,達成對WebApi的地址的調整而不用修改代碼。
效果:除了從新搭建的系統可使用外,對於一些其它語言(如java等)提供的webapi,只須要定義出相應的業務接口,即可以使用git
原理:經過HttpClient類,使用Json做爲請求和響應的數據格式實現。並經過定義相應的delegate,完成Lambada方式的調用,目前delegate只支持三個參數之內的接口(且參數類型目前僅支持int,long,string),若是超過三個參數或者其餘的複雜類型,則應經過自定義對象的方式完成。github
public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction(); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_l(long args); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_ll(long args1, long args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_li(long args1, int arg2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_ls(long args1, string args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_i(int args1); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_ii(int args1, int args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_is(int args1, string args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_il(int args1, long args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_si(string args1, int args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_ss(string args1, string args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_sl(string args1, long args2); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_sss(string args1, string args2, string args3); public delegate IHttpActionResult apiaction_o<treq>(treq data) where treq : class,new();
對於delegate的Lambada化和參數的傳遞解析實現:web
result<tresp> _invoke_data<treq>(Expression exp, treq data) where treq : class { var method = ((exp as UnaryExpression).Operand as MethodCallExpression); string code = ((method.Object as ConstantExpression).Value as MethodInfo).Name; foreach (var m in method.Arguments) { if (m.Type == typeof(T)) { var attr = m.Type.GetCustomAttribute<QuickWebApiAttribute>(); if (attr != null) { return new invoker(build_server(attr.service)).Excute<tresp>(code, data); } } } return new result<tresp>(-1, "未能找到合適的api定義"); }
若是參數不是對象(須要注意的是,雖然處理了對DataTime類型的處理,但原則上不該出現該類型參數),則:ajax
result<tresp> _invoke(Expression exp, params object[] args) { var method = ((exp as UnaryExpression).Operand as MethodCallExpression); string code = ((method.Object as ConstantExpression).Value as MethodInfo).Name; foreach (var m in method.Arguments) { if (m.Type == typeof(T)) { var attr = m.Type.GetCustomAttribute<QuickWebApiAttribute>(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); var pis = m.Type.GetMethod(code).GetParameters(); for (int i = 0; i < pis.Length; i++) { sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}&", pis[i].Name, args[i] is DateTime ? ((DateTime)args[i]).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") : args[i]); } if (attr != null) { return new invoker(build_server(attr.service)).Excute<tresp>(code, sb.ToString()); } } } return new result<tresp>(-1, "未能找到合適的api定義"); }
以上是WebApi訪問Lambada化的核心代碼塊。如需瞭解更多,在文章結尾有個人源碼地址鏈接。json
服務業務接口及模型設計:api
//數據模型 public class customer { public int id { get; set; } public long timestamp { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public int age { get; set; } public DateTime birthday { get; set; } public bool state { get; set; } } //業務接口動態庫聲明 [assembly: QuickWebApiDll("customer", "http://localhost:11520")] //業務接口聲明,接口中的返回值爲IHttpActionResult,以便更好的處理HTTP響應 [QuickWebApi("customer", "api/customer_service", "用戶管理")] public interface icustomer { [QuickWebApi(MethodType.HTTPGET, "用戶列表", "列舉用戶信息")] IHttpActionResult list(); [QuickWebApi(MethodType.HTTPGET)] IHttpActionResult info(int customerid); [QuickWebApi(MethodType.HTTPPOST)] IHttpActionResult update(int id, string name); [QuickWebApi(MethodType.HTTPDEL)] IHttpActionResult del(int id); [QuickWebApi(MethodType.HTTPPUT)] IHttpActionResult save(customer customer); } //業務接口實現,設置路由機制 [Route("api/customer_service/{action}/")] public class customerController : ApiController, icustomer { [HttpGet] public IHttpActionResult list() { return Ok(new result(0, null, DB.customers.ToList().Count, DB.customers.ToList())); } [HttpGet] public IHttpActionResult info(int customerid) { return Ok(new result(DB.customers.SingleOrDefault(c => c.id == customerid))); } [HttpPost] public IHttpActionResult update(int id, string name) { var cust = DB.customers.SingleOrDefault(c => c.id == id); cust.name = name; return Ok(new result()); } [HttpDelete] public IHttpActionResult del(int id) { DB.customers.RemoveAll(c => c.id == id); return Ok(new result()); } [HttpPut] public IHttpActionResult save(customer customer) { DB.customers.RemoveAll(c => c.id == customer.id); DB.customers.Add(customer); return Ok(new result()); } }
調用端相應的配置和加載:服務器
//在服務啓動時調用,通常在global中 webapifactory.Instance.Build_Apis(); webapifactory.Instance.Load_Apis(); //配置文件格式(*.xml)以下(每一個業務接口生成一個獨立的配置文件,便於維護): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <ArrayOfWebApiNode xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <WebApiNode> <Name>用戶管理</Name> <Title>QuickWebApi.Sample.Apis</Title> <Version>1.0.0.0</Version> <Service>customer</Service> <Route>api/customer_service</Route> <Uri>http://localhost:11520</Uri> <Actions> <WebApiMethod> <Method>HTTPGET</Method> <Action>list</Action> <Name>用戶列表</Name> <Comment>列舉用戶信息</Comment> </WebApiMethod> <WebApiMethod> <Method>HTTPGET</Method> <Action>info</Action> </WebApiMethod> <WebApiMethod> <Method>HTTPPOST</Method> <Action>update</Action> </WebApiMethod> <WebApiMethod> <Method>HTTPDEL</Method> <Action>del</Action> </WebApiMethod> <WebApiMethod> <Method>HTTPPUT</Method> <Action>save</Action> </WebApiMethod> </Actions> </WebApiNode> </ArrayOfWebApiNode> //並同時生產簡單的業務接口描述文件(*.txt): 001,用戶管理:QuickWebApi.Sample.Apis-1.0.0.0- 001,http://localhost:11520/api/customer_service/list,用戶列表,列舉用戶信息 002,http://localhost:11520/api/customer_service/info,, 005,http://localhost:11520/api/customer_service/update,, 006,http://localhost:11520/api/customer_service/del,, 008,http://localhost:11520/api/customer_service/save,,
調用端使用方式數據結構
public class HomeController : Controller { public object customers() { var ret = new webapi<icustomer>().invoke(i => i.list); return ret; } public JsonResult customer_list() { var ret = new webapi<icustomer, List<customer>>().invoke(i => i.list); List<object> custs = new List<object>(); foreach (var cust in ret.data) { custs.Add(new { id = cust.id, name = cust.name, age = cust.age }); } return Json(custs, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); } public object info() { var ret = new webapi<icustomer>().invoke(i => i.info, 4); return ret; } public object update() { var ret = new webapi<icustomer>().invoke(i => i.update, 3, "new name"); return ret; } public object save() { var cust = new customer() { id = 3, name = "new name", age = 22, timestamp = DateTime.Now.Ticks, birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-10) }; var ret = new webapi<icustomer>().invoke(i => i.save, cust); return ret; } public object delete() { var ret = new webapi<icustomer>().invoke(i => i.del, 4); return ret; } }
其它說明及注意事項:ui
//invoke方法的返回結果的數據結構以下: public class result<T> where T : class, new() { //若是通信不正常,則爲返回的HTTP狀態嗎;不然爲服務端返回的狀態嗎,默認值爲0(正常) public int errcode { get; set; } //服務端返回的信息 public string errmsg { get; set; } //服務端返回的複雜數據結構,經過Json進行傳輸 public T data { get; set; } //若是須要返回整型 public long id { get; set; } //服務器端時間 public DateTime time { get; set; } } //若是頁面上經過ajax直接調用WebApi接口,則須要在服務端註冊JsonFormatter,則ajax能夠直接獲得result的json格式: public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // Web API configuration and services webapifactory.Instance.Register_JsonFormatter(config); // Web API routes config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); }
感謝您的閱讀。源碼目前QuickWebApi還有一些其它想法和設計會未加入其中,後續會繼續修繕。且還存在一些未解決的問題,歡迎您能貢獻您的智慧和意見。