1 flask安裝 pip3 install falsk
Werkzeug是什麼? Werkzeug就是Python對WSGI的實現的一個通用庫,它是Flask所使用的底層WSGI庫。 Werkzeug的源碼在託管在GitHub。 Werkzeug包含哪些內容的實現? 1 HTTP頭的解析 2 易用使用的request和response對象 3 URL和LRL的處理函數,包含對Unicode的支持 4 內置兼容一些非標準的WSGI服務器和瀏覽器 5 集成了URLs路由功能
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response @Request.application def hello(request): return Response('Hello World!') if __name__ == '__main__': from werkzeug.serving import run_simple run_simple('localhost', 4000, hello)
from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/index') def index(): return "歡迎登陸" if __name__ == '__main': app.run()
flask中的配置文件是一個flask.config.Config對象(繼承字典),默認配置爲: { 'DEBUG': get_debug_flag(default=False), 是否開啓Debug模式 'TESTING': False, 是否開啓測試模式 'PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS': None, 'PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION': None, 'SECRET_KEY': None, 'PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=31), 'USE_X_SENDFILE': False, 'LOGGER_NAME': None, 'LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY': 'always', 'SERVER_NAME': None, 'APPLICATION_ROOT': None, 'SESSION_COOKIE_NAME': 'session', 'SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN': None, 'SESSION_COOKIE_PATH': None, 'SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY': True, 'SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE': False, 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST': True, 'MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH': None, 'SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT': timedelta(hours=12), 'TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS': False, 'TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS': False, 'EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING': False, 'PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME': 'http', 'JSON_AS_ASCII': True, 'JSON_SORT_KEYS': True, 'JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR': True, 'JSONIFY_MIMETYPE': 'application/json', 'TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD': None, } 方式一: app.config['DEBUG'] = True PS: 因爲Config對象本質上是字典,因此還能夠使用app.config.update(...) 方式二: app.config.from_pyfile("python文件名稱") 如: settings.py DEBUG = True app.config.from_pyfile("settings.py") app.config.from_envvar("環境變量名稱") 環境變量的值爲python文件名稱名稱,內部調用from_pyfile方法 app.config.from_json("json文件名稱") JSON文件名稱,必須是json格式,由於內部會執行json.loads app.config.from_mapping({'DEBUG':True}) 字典格式 app.config.from_object("python類或類的路徑") app.config.from_object('pro_flask.settings.TestingConfig') settings.py class Config(object): DEBUG = False TESTING = False DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:' class ProductionConfig(Config): DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo' class DevelopmentConfig(Config): DEBUG = True class TestingConfig(Config): TESTING = True PS: 從sys.path中已經存在路徑開始寫 PS: settings.py文件默認路徑要放在程序root_path目錄,若是instance_relative_config爲True,則就是instance_path目錄
@app.route('/user/<username>') @app.route('/post/<int:post_id>') @app.route('/post/<float:post_id>') @app.route('/post/<path:path>') @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
五種經常使用的路由系統,全部的路由系統都是基於一下對應關係來處理:html
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = { 'default': UnicodeConverter, 'string': UnicodeConverter, 'any': AnyConverter, 'path': PathConverter, 'int': IntegerConverter, 'float': FloatConverter, 'uuid': UUIDConverter, }
def auth(func): def inner(*args, **kwargs): print('before') result = func(*args, **kwargs) print('after') return result return inner @app.route('/index.html',methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='index') @auth def index(): return 'Index' 或 def index(): return "Index" self.add_url_rule(rule='/index.html', endpoint="index", view_func=index, methods=["GET","POST"]) or app.add_url_rule(rule='/index.html', endpoint="index", view_func=index, methods=["GET","POST"]) app.view_functions['index'] = index 或 def auth(func): def inner(*args, **kwargs): print('before') result = func(*args, **kwargs) print('after') return result return inner class IndexView(views.View): methods = ['GET'] decorators = [auth, ] def dispatch_request(self): print('Index') return 'Index!' app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint 或 class IndexView(views.MethodView): methods = ['GET'] decorators = [auth, ] def get(self): return 'Index.GET' def post(self): return 'Index.POST' app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint @app.route和app.add_url_rule參數: rule, URL規則 view_func, 視圖函數名稱 defaults=None, 默認值,當URL中無參數,函數須要參數時,使用defaults={'k':'v'}爲函數提供參數 endpoint=None, 名稱,用於反向生成URL,即: url_for('名稱') methods=None, 容許的請求方式,如:["GET","POST"] strict_slashes=None, 對URL最後的 / 符號是否嚴格要求, 如: @app.route('/index',strict_slashes=False), 訪問 http://www.xx.com/index/ 或 http://www.xx.com/index都可 @app.route('/index',strict_slashes=True) 僅訪問 http://www.xx.com/index redirect_to=None, 重定向到指定地址 如: @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to='/home/<nid>') 或 def func(adapter, nid): return "/home/888" @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to=func) subdomain=None, 子域名訪問 from flask import Flask, views, url_for app = Flask(import_name=__name__) app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'wupeiqi.com:5000' @app.route("/", subdomain="admin") def static_index(): """Flask supports static subdomains This is available at static.your-domain.tld""" return "static.your-domain.tld" @app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>") def username_index(username): """Dynamic subdomains are also supported Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic""" return username + ".your-domain.tld" if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
from flask import Flask, views, url_for from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter app = Flask(import_name=__name__) class RegexConverter(BaseConverter): """ 自定義URL匹配正則表達式 """ def __init__(self, map, regex): super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map) self.regex = regex def to_python(self, value): """ 路由匹配時,匹配成功後傳遞給視圖函數中參數的值 :param value: :return: """ return int(value) def to_url(self, value): """ 使用url_for反向生成URL時,傳遞的參數通過該方法處理,返回的值用於生成URL中的參數 :param value: :return: """ val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value) return val # 添加到flask中 app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter @app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>') def index(nid): print(url_for('index', nid='888')) return 'Index' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
特別注意:Markup等價django的mark_safepython