rvm的安裝, 使用rvm, 安裝ruby, 以及gem的使用 (轉)

http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/1638770402012425111617904/

rvm 全稱Ruby Version Manager,  確實是一個很是好用的ruby版本管理以及安裝工具.

下面介紹一下rvm的安裝, 使用rvm, 安裝ruby, 以及gem的使用.

1、安裝rvm

官方網站上介紹得很簡單, 可是使用官方網站安裝會出現問題, SSL的問題. 因此我分兩步進行, 第一步下載安裝腳本. 第二步修改安裝腳本. 第三步安裝.

如下介紹的是使用root用戶在CentOS中安裝rvm的過程.

1. 下載腳本到ins文件中. 注意使用了curl的-k選項, 由於地址是https的. 不加-k會報異常.

[root@db-172-16-3-33~]# curl -k https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer >./ins

2. 修改ins腳本中的curl都加上-k不然會沒法使用.

vi ins

須要修改兩處curl.

curl -sk https://api.github.com/repos/wayneeseguin/rvm/tags

if curl -kL ${_url} -o ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file}

3. 使用修改後的ins腳本安裝rvm

[root@db-172-16-3-33~]# cat ins|bash -s stable

輸出結果 : 

Downloading RVM from wayneeseguin branch stable

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

100 1023k  100 1023k    0     0   173k      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:--  383k

 

Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/

    Creating RVM system user group'rvm'

 

# RVM:  Shell scripts enabling management of multiple ruby environments.

# RTFM: https://rvm.io/

# HELP: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=rvm (#rvm on irc.freenode.net)

# Cheatsheet: http://cheat.errtheblog.com/s/rvm/

# Screencast: http://screencasts.org/episodes/how-to-use-rvm

 

# In case of any issues read output of 'rvm requirements' and/or 'rvm notes'

 

Installation of RVM in/usr/local/rvm/is almost complete:

 

  *First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm'group,

    and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with`umask g+w`.

 

  *To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`

    in all your open shell windows,in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.

 

# root,

#

#   Thank you for using RVM!

#   I sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!

#

# ~Wayne

4. 修改root 下的環境變量

vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/bin:/opt/git1.7.10.2/bin:$PATH

更新環境變量.

.~/.bash_profile

這裏就安裝完rvm了

2、rvm的使用, 簡單的介紹一下

[root@db5 ~]# rvm list help

 

  Usage:

 

    rvm list [action]

 

  Actions:

 

  {help,known,gemsets,default[string],rubies,strings,known_strings,ruby_svn_tags}

1. 列出rvm管理的軟件及版本

[root@db5 ~]# rvm list known

# MRI Rubies

[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]

[ruby-]1.8.7[-p358]

[ruby-]1.8.7-head

[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]

[ruby-]1.9.2-p180

[ruby-]1.9.2-p290

[ruby-]1.9.2-p318

[ruby-]1.9.2[-p320]

[ruby-]1.9.2-head

[ruby-]1.9.3-preview1

[ruby-]1.9.3-rc1

[ruby-]1.9.3-p0

[ruby-]1.9.3-p125

[ruby-]1.9.3-[p194]

[ruby-]1.9.3-head

ruby-head

 

# GoRuby

goruby

 

# TheCodeShop - MRI experimental patches

tcs

 

# JRuby

jruby-1.2.0

jruby-1.3.1

jruby-1.4.0

jruby-1.6.5

jruby-1.6.5.1

jruby-1.6.6

jruby-1.6.7

jruby[-1.6.7.2]

jruby-head

jruby-1.7.0.preview1

 

# Rubinius

rbx-1.0.1

rbx-1.1.1

rbx-1.2.3

rbx-1.2.4

rbx[-head]

rbx-2.0.testing

 

# Ruby Enterprise Edition

ree-1.8.6

ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]

 

# Kiji

kiji

 

# MagLev

maglev[-head]

maglev-1.0.0

 

# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer

macruby[-0.10]

macruby-nightly

macruby-head

 

# IronRuby -- Not implemented yet.

ironruby-0.9.3

ironruby-1.0-rc2

ironruby-head

3、使用RVM安裝ruby

從上面的輸出咱們能看到rvm管理的ruby版本中包含了當前的穩定版1.9.3-p194, 接下來就安裝這個版本.

可是注意, 使用rvm安裝的話須要聯網, 怎麼辦呢? 能夠不聯網嗎? 可能不能夠, 由於要得到依賴關係什麼的, 可是能夠提早下載好安裝包房到archives目錄下, 這樣能夠省去下載包的過程.

1. 聯網安裝

[root@db5 ~]# rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194

輸出

Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/archives

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

100  460k  100  460k    0     0  91728      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:--  190k

Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/src

Prepare yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.

Configuring yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.

Compiling yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.

Installing yaml to /usr/local/rvm/usr

Installing Ruby from source to: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...

 

ruby-1.9.3-p194 -#fetching 

ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your connection...

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

.... 略

到安裝rubygems的時候會出錯, 沒法獲取版本號. 因此須要手工安裝rubygems.

-- 下載rubygems錯誤,貌似版本信息沒有獲取到.

Retrieving rubygems-

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0

curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404

The requested url does not exist: 'http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-.tgz'

Trying ftp:// URL instead.

CTRL+C退出

-- 手動安裝rubygems, 見第3步

2. 下載好包後放到archives目錄下再安裝

若是下載太慢, 也能夠先下載好yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz, ruby-1.9.3-p194.tar.bz2 放在/usr/local/rvm/archives下面

而後執行

rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194

3. 安裝rubygems

下載rubygems安裝包.

wget http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-1.8.24.tgz

解壓

tar -zxvf rubygems-1.8.24.tgz

放到一個目錄, （可選）

mv rubygems-1.8.24/usr/local/rvm/src/

cd /usr/local/rvm/src/rubygems-1.8.24

--因爲是rvm管理的ruby環境,因此在安裝rubygems前,先轉到對應的ruby 環境,--default表示設置爲默認的ruby環境

[root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# rvm use ruby-1.9.3-p194 --default

Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194

幹了什麼呢? 弄了個軟連接.

[root@db5 rubies]# pwd /usr/local/rvm/rubies [root@db5 rubies]# ll total 4.0K lrwxrwxrwx 1 root rvm 37May2510:47default->/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194 drwxr-xr-x 6 root rvm 4.0KMay2511:34 ruby-1.9.3-p194

--安裝rubygems

[root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# ruby setup.rb 

輸出結果

RubyGems 1.8.24 installed

 

==1.8.24/2012-04-27

 

*1 bug fix:

 

  *Install the .pem files properly.Fixes#320

  * Remove OpenSSL dependency from the http code path

 

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

RubyGems installed the following executables:

        /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/gem

4. 列出當前rvm管理的軟件

[root@db5 ruby-1.9.3-p194]# rvm list

 

rvm rubies

 

=*/usr/local/rvm/scripts/list: line 294:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/config:No such file or directory

ruby-1.9.3-p194 [  ]

 

# => - current

# =* - current && default

#  * - default

5. 從新安裝

rvm reinstall ruby-1.9.3-p194

6. 移除已安裝的軟件

rvm remove ruby-1.9.3-p194

4、gem的使用介紹

1.  源管理,添加淘寶源

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source --add 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'

http://ruby.taobao.org/ added to sources

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -l

*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

 

http://rubygems.org/

http://ruby.taobao.org/

2. 更新源cache

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -u

source cache successfully updated

3. 查看源裏有哪些軟件

gem query -r -a

--也可以使用規則表達式

[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem query -r -n 'redis'

 

*** REMOTE GEMS ***

 

active-redis (0.1.0 ruby)

adapter-redis (0.5.1 ruby)

bayes_on_redis (0.2.2 ruby)

bayes_on_redis_internal (0.0.1 ruby)

cache-machine-redis (0.0.1 ruby)

cs-em-hiredis (0.1.2 ruby)

datalogger-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

datastore_redis (0.0.8 ruby)

dm-redis-adapter (0.6.2 ruby)

dsander-redis (1.0.6 ruby)

dsander-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)

easyredis (0.0.6 ruby)

em-hiredis (0.1.1 ruby)

em-redis (0.3.0 ruby)

em-redislite (0.2.2 ruby)

eventmachine-redis (0.1.3 ruby)

extraloop-redis-storage (0.0.12 ruby)

eycloud-recipe-redis (0.2.0 ruby)

fakeredis (0.3.1 ruby)

faye-redis (0.1.0 ruby)

feedzirra-redis (0.1.1 ruby)

fluent-plugin-redis (0.2.0 ruby)

goncalossilva_redis-session-store (0.1.8.1 ruby)

guard-redis (0.1.0 ruby)

hiera-redis (0.1.3 ruby)

hiera-redis-backend (0.0.1 ruby)

hiredis (0.4.5 ruby java java)

honkster-redis-store (0.3.16 ruby)

i18n_redis (0.0.2 ruby)

integration_test_redis (0.0.2 ruby)

jashmenn-redis-lock(0.1.1 ruby)

joffice_redis (0.1.1 ruby)

kali-redis (0.1.1 ruby)

mlanett-redis-lock(0.1.1 ruby)

mock_redis (0.4.1 ruby)

namespaced_redis (1.0.2 ruby)

newrelic-redis (1.3.2 ruby)

nono-redis-store (1.0.0 ruby)

opengotham_redis-namespace(0.4.4 ruby)

openid-redis-store (0.0.2 ruby)

orm-redis (0.0.0 ruby)

qu-redis (0.1.4 ruby)

rack-session-redis (0.0.3 ruby)

rails3-redis-session-store (0.3.0 ruby)

rails_redis_cache (0.2.0 ruby)

redis (3.0.0 ruby)

redis-actionpack (3.2.3 ruby)

redis-activesupport (3.2.3 ruby)

redis-aid (0.1.0 ruby)

redis-cache (1.0.1 ruby)

redis-classy (1.0.2 ruby)

redis-column (0.0.3 ruby)

redis-connection-ssl (0.0.1 ruby)

redis-connection-universal (0.0.1 ruby)

redis-diff_match_patch (1.1.1 ruby)

redis-dump(0.3.2 ruby)

redis-expiring-set(0.1.2 ruby)

redis-expiring_counter (1.0.0.0 ruby)

redis-friendships (0.2 ruby)

redis-health (0.0.1 ruby)

redis-i18n (0.6.0 ruby)

redis-load (0.2 ruby)

redis-lock(0.1.0 ruby)

redis-messages (0.1 ruby)

redis-mmm (0.1.1 ruby)

redis-model (0.1.3 ruby)

redis-model-extension (0.3.3 ruby)

redis-mutex (1.2.3 ruby)

redis-namespace(1.1.0 ruby)

redis-native_hash (0.2.1 ruby)

redis-objective (0.1.0 ruby)

redis-objects (0.5.2 ruby)

redis-orm (0.0.4 ruby)

redis-persistence (0.0.7 ruby)

redis-rack (1.4.1 ruby)

redis-rack-cache (1.2 ruby)

redis-rails (3.2.3 ruby)

redis-repeater (0.2.6 ruby)

redis-retry(0.1.0 ruby)

redis-roc (0.5.3 ruby)

redis-scheduler (0.4 ruby)

redis-scripted (0.0.3 ruby)

redis-search (0.8.0 ruby)

redis-semaphore (0.1.1 ruby)

redis-server (0.0.5 ruby)

redis-session-store (0.1.9 ruby)

redis-settings (0.2.1 ruby)

redis-sinatra (1.3.2 ruby)

redis-slave (0.0.3 ruby)

redis-spawn (0.0.5 ruby)

redis-store (1.1.0 ruby)

redis-structured-multi (0.0.2 ruby)

redis-textsearch (0.2.0 ruby)

redis-timeline (0.1.6 ruby)

redis-types (0.1.7 ruby)

redis-ui (0.1.3 ruby)

redis2-session-store (0.0.3 ruby)

redis_autocomplete (0.1.4 ruby)

redis_buddy (1.0.0 ruby)

redis_cache (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_cache_mailer_delivery (0.0.6 ruby)

redis_directory (1.0.4 ruby)

redis_failover (0.8.3 ruby)

redis_feature_control (0.0.2 ruby)

redis_feed (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_geo (0.0.0 ruby)

redis_knock (0.0.2 ruby)

redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)

redis_master_slave (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_on_heroku (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_orm (0.6.2 ruby)

redis_props (0.3 ruby)

redis_record (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_resque_initializer (0.0.1 ruby)

redis_ring (0.1.3 ruby)

redis_ring_client (0.1.2 ruby)

redis_selector (0.1.0 ruby)

redis_session_store (0.0.2 ruby)

redis_snippets (0.0.5 ruby)

redis_status (0.1.1 ruby)

redis_storage (0.4.0 ruby)

redis_store_jr (0.2.1 ruby)

redis_support (0.0.18 ruby)

redis_throttle (0.1.0 ruby)

redis_voteable (0.1.2 ruby)

redis_wrapper (0.2.0 ruby)

redis_wrapper_rails (0.2.0 ruby)

redisarray (0.0.1 ruby)

rediscover (0.0.2 ruby)

redisearch (0.1.0 ruby)

redised (0.2.0 ruby)

redish (0.0.1 ruby)

redisk (0.2.2 ruby)

redislog (1.0.0 ruby)

redismapper (0.0.1 ruby)

redismodel (0.1.8 ruby)

redismq (0.0.6 ruby)

redisque (1.0.1 ruby)

redisrecord (0.1 ruby)

redisrpc (0.3.5 ruby)

redistat (0.5.0 ruby)

redisted (0.0.2 ruby)

redistry (0.1.3 ruby)

rspec-redis_helper (0.1.2 ruby)

ruby-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

ruby-redis-portertech (0.0.3 ruby)

ruby_redis_lock (0.1.0 ruby)

ruote-redis (2.2.0 ruby)

ryansch-mock_redis (0.3.0 ruby)

simple-redis-server (0.0.1 ruby)

simple_redis_cache (0.0.2 ruby)

simredis (0.0.5 ruby)

sinatra-redis (0.3.0 ruby)

sinatra-redis-auth (0.1.1 ruby)

sprockets-cache-redis (0.0.3 ruby)

superfeedr-em-redis (0.3.7 ruby)

synapse_redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)

tavern-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

unified-redis (0.0.2 ruby)

uri-redis (0.4.2 ruby)

xlymian-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)

yam-redis-with-retries (2.2.2.1 ruby)

4. 其餘gem命令

[root@db5 ~]# gem help commands

GEM commands are:

 

    build             Build a gem from a gemspec

    cert              ManageRubyGems certificates and signing settings

    check             Check installed gems

    cleanup           Clean up old versions of installed gems in the local

                      repository

    contents          Display the contents of the installed gems

    dependency        Show the dependencies of an installed gem

    environment       Display information about the RubyGems environment

    fetch             Download a gem and place it in the current directory

    generate_index    Generates the index files for a gem server directory

    help              Provide help on the 'gem' command

    install           Install a gem into the local repository

    list              Display gems whose name starts with STRING

    lock              Generate a lockdown list of gems

    outdated          Display all gems that need updates

    owner             Manage gem owners on RubyGems.org.

    pristine          Restores installed gems to pristine condition from files

                      located in the gem cache

    push              Push a gem up to RubyGems.org

    query             Query gem information inlocalor remote repositories

    rdoc              GeneratesRDocfor pre-installed gems

    search            Display all gems whose name contains STRING

    server            Documentationand gem repository HTTP server

    sources           Manage the sources and cache file RubyGems uses to search

                      for gems

    specification     Display gem specification (in yaml)

    stale             List gems along with access times

    uninstall         Uninstall gems from the local repository

    unpack            Unpack an installed gem to the current directory

    update            Update the named gems (or all installed gems)in the local

                      repository

    which             Find the location of a library file you can require

 

For help on a particular command,use'gem help COMMAND'.

 

Commands may be abbreviated, so longas they are unambiguous.

e.g.'gem i rake'isshortfor'gem install rake'.