最近項目中有這樣一個業務,相信你們也常常遇到。就是用戶經過前端設置了某年某月某日的定時任務,後臺接收而且定時執行。這個定時能夠經過前端UI改變,或者刪除,因此後端也須要作三個事,1-添加定時任務,2-修改定時任務時間,3-刪除定時任務。
前端
Spring經過@Scheduled註解爲定時任務,cron表達式裏寫執行的時機,確實可以定時執行某個方法,可是卻沒辦法靈活的管理任務的添加,改變,丟棄。因此不知足咱們的需求。java
@Scheduled(cron="0/10 * * * * ? ") //每10秒執行一次
複製代碼
這裏生成一個Scheduler的包裝類,而且只返回自身的單例。並經過getScheduler()獲取到Scheduler的實例,這裏也保證他它是單例。後端
SchedulerController.javabash
public class SchedulerController {
private static SchedulerController own;
private Scheduler myScheduler;
HashMap<String, TriggerKey> triggers = new HashMap<String, TriggerKey>();
HashMap<String, JobKey> jobs = new HashMap<String, JobKey>();
private SchedulerController() {
}
// 單例模式
public static SchedulerController getInstance() {
return own = Optional.ofNullable(own).orElse(new SchedulerController());
}
private Scheduler getScheduler() {
try {
myScheduler = Optional.ofNullable(myScheduler).orElse(new StdSchedulerFactory().getScheduler());
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return myScheduler;
}
}
複製代碼
經過addJob()方法添加任務,接收的是一個Job類的實現類。startScheduler()啓動任務。其中添加任務分爲幾步。ide
SchedulerController.java測試
public Scheduler addJob(ScheduleJob job, String cron) {
Scheduler s = getScheduler();
// jobDetail生成
JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(job.getJobName(), job.getJobGroup());
jobs.put(job.getJobName(), jobKey);
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(job.getClass()).withIdentity(jobKey).build();
// trigger生成
TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(job.getJobName(), job.getTriggerGroup());
triggers.put(job.getJobName(), triggerKey);
Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(triggerKey)
.withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cron)).build();
try {
s.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return s;
}
public void startScheduler() {
try {
if (myScheduler != null && !myScheduler.isShutdown()) {
myScheduler.start();
}
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
複製代碼
ScheduleJob.javaui
@Data
public class ScheduleJob implements Job {
private String jobName;
private String jobGroup;
private String triggerGroup;
public ScheduleJob() {
}
public ScheduleJob(String jobName) {
this.jobName = jobName;
}
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
// 實際執行內容
System.out.println("test");
}
}
複製代碼
上面說了任務時間是封裝到Trigger觸發器總的,因此修改任務的核心代碼在於CronTriggerImpl#setCronExpression(),來重設時間,再經過Scheduler#rescheduleJob()來重置。
刪除任務則是Scheduler#unscheduleJob()跟Scheduler#deleteJob()。this
SchedulerController.javaspa
public void modifyJobTime(String jobName, String cronExpression) {
try {
if (myScheduler == null) {
return;
}
TriggerKey triggerKey = getTriggerKeyByName(jobName);
CronTriggerImpl trigger = (CronTriggerImpl) myScheduler.getTrigger(triggerKey);
if (trigger == null) {
return;
}
String oldTime = trigger.getCronExpression();
if (!oldTime.equalsIgnoreCase(cronExpression)) {
try {
trigger.setCronExpression(cronExpression);
} catch (ParseException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
myScheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, trigger);
}
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void removeJob(String jobName) {
try {
myScheduler.pauseTrigger(getTriggerKeyByName(jobName));
myScheduler.unscheduleJob(getTriggerKeyByName(jobName));
myScheduler.deleteJob(getJobByName(jobName));
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private TriggerKey getTriggerKeyByName(String jobName) {
if (!triggers.containsKey(jobName)) {
throw new RuntimeException(msg.getMessage("triggerNotExist", new String[] { jobName }, null));
}
return triggers.get(jobName);
}
private JobKey getJobByName(String jobName) {
if (!jobs.containsKey(jobName)) {
throw new RuntimeException(msg.getMessage("jobNotExist", new String[] { jobName }, null));
}
return jobs.get(jobName);
}
複製代碼
先每隔一秒實行job,而後改成兩秒,最後刪除任務。code
SchedulerController sc = SchedulerController.getInstance();
sc.addJob(new ScheduleJob("Test"), "*/1 * * * * ?");
sc.startScheduler();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
sc.modifyJobTime("Test", "*/2 * * * * ?");
sc.removeJob("Test");
複製代碼
自定義定時任務比較複雜,可是學會了後可以靈活的處理定時任務。