RabbitMQ的交換器Exchange之Topic交換器(主題，規則匹配)

時間 2019-11-05

標籤 rabbitmq 交換器 exchange topic 主題規則匹配欄目 RabbitMQ 简体版

原文原文鏈接

一、Topic交換器(主題，規則匹配)，Topic交換器也稱爲主題交換器，特色是根據規則進行匹配，能夠根據模糊進行匹配（即根據路由key進行模糊匹配），決定將那個信息放入到指定的隊列裏面去。java

項目的結構以下所示：web

二、因爲使用的是SpringBoot項目結合Maven項目構建的，pom.xml的配置文件，以下所示，生產者和消費者的配置文件一致，這裏只貼一份了。spring

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
 5     https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 6     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 7     <parent>
 8         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 9         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
10         <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
11         <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
12     </parent>
13     <groupId>com.bie</groupId>
14     <artifactId>rabbitmq-topic-provider</artifactId>
15     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
16     <name>rabbitmq-topic-provider</name>
17     <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
18 
19     <properties>
20         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
21     </properties>
22 
23     <dependencies>
24         <dependency>
25             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
26             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
27         </dependency>
28         <dependency>
29             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
30             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
31         </dependency>
32         <dependency>
33             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
34             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
35             <scope>test</scope>
36         </dependency>
37         <dependency>
38             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
39             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
40         </dependency>
41     </dependencies>
42 
43     <build>
44         <plugins>
45             <plugin>
46                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
47                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
48             </plugin>
49         </plugins>
50     </build>
51 
52 </project>

三、配置好pom.xml配置文件，就能夠進行開發了，這裏先約束一下配置文件，體現一下SpringBoot的魔力，約定大於配置。apache

 1 # 給當前項目起名稱.
 2 spring.application.name=rabbitmq-topic-provider
 3 
 4 # 配置端口號
 5 server.port=8081
 6 
 7 # 配置rabbitmq的參數.
 8 # rabbitmq服務器的ip地址.
 9 spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.110.133
10 # rabbitmq的端口號5672,區別於瀏覽器訪問界面的15672端口號.
11 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
12 # rabbitmq的帳號.
13 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
14 # rabbitmq的密碼.
15 spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
16 
17 # 設置交換器的名稱,方便修改.
18 # 生產者和消費者的交換器的名稱是一致的,這樣生產者生產的消息發送到交換器,消費者能夠從這個交換器中消費.
19 rabbitmq.config.exchange=log.exchange.topic

模擬三個服務，用戶服務、商品服務，訂單服務，產生的各類日誌信息，包含info、debug、trace、warn、error日誌信息。不一樣的日誌級別信息指定好路由鍵，將發送的消息綁定到交換器上面，發送消息。瀏覽器

 1 package com.example.bie.provider;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 6 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * 
10  * @author biehl
11  * 
12  *         生產者,生產消息一樣須要知道向那個交換器Exchange發送消息的.
13  * 
14  *         這裏使用的交換器類型使用的是topic主題模式,根據規則匹配。
15  *
16  */
17 @Component
18 public class RabbitMqUserLogProduce {
19 
20     @Autowired
21     private AmqpTemplate rabbitmqAmqpTemplate;
22 
23     // 交換器的名稱Exchange
24     @Value(value = "${rabbitmq.config.exchange}")
25     private String exchange;
26 
27     // 路由鍵routingkey
28     private String routingKeyInfo = "user.log.info";
29     private String routingKeyDebug = "user.log.debug";
30     private String routingKeyTrace = "user.log.trace";
31     private String routingKeyWarn = "user.log.warn";
32     private String routingKeyError = "user.log.error";
33 
34     /**
35      * 發送消息的方法
36      * 
37      * @param msg
38      */
39     public void producer(String msg) {
40         // 向消息隊列發送消息
41         // 參數1,交換器的名稱
42         // 參數2,路由鍵
43         // 參數3,消息
44         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyInfo, "user.log.info......" + msg);
45         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyDebug, "user.log.debug......" + msg);
46         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyTrace, "user.log.trace......" + msg);
47         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyWarn, "user.log.warn......" + msg);
48         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyError, "user.log.error......" + msg);
49     }
50 
51 }

 1 package com.example.bie.provider;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 6 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * 
10  * @author biehl
11  * 
12  *         生產者,生產消息一樣須要知道向那個交換器Exchange發送消息的.
13  * 
14  *         這裏使用的交換器類型使用的是topic主題模式,根據規則匹配。
15  *
16  */
17 @Component
18 public class RabbitMqProductLogProduce {
19 
20     @Autowired
21     private AmqpTemplate rabbitmqAmqpTemplate;
22 
23     // 交換器的名稱Exchange
24     @Value(value = "${rabbitmq.config.exchange}")
25     private String exchange;
26 
27     // 路由鍵routingkey
28     private String routingKeyInfo = "product.log.info";
29     private String routingKeyDebug = "product.log.debug";
30     private String routingKeyTrace = "product.log.trace";
31     private String routingKeyWarn = "product.log.warn";
32     private String routingKeyError = "product.log.error";
33 
34     /**
35      * 發送消息的方法
36      * 
37      * @param msg
38      */
39     public void producer(String msg) {
40         // 向消息隊列發送消息
41         // 參數1,交換器的名稱
42         // 參數2,路由鍵
43         // 參數3,消息
44         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyInfo, "product.log.info......" + msg);
45         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyDebug, "product.log.debug......" + msg);
46         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyTrace, "product.log.trace......" + msg);
47         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyWarn, "product.log.warn......" + msg);
48         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyError, "product.log.error......" + msg);
49     }
50 
51 }

 1 package com.example.bie.provider;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 6 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * 
10  * @author biehl
11  * 
12  *         生產者,生產消息一樣須要知道向那個交換器Exchange發送消息的.
13  * 
14  *         這裏使用的交換器類型使用的是topic主題模式,根據規則匹配。
15  *
16  */
17 @Component
18 public class RabbitMqOrderLogProduce {
19 
20     @Autowired
21     private AmqpTemplate rabbitmqAmqpTemplate;
22 
23     // 交換器的名稱Exchange
24     @Value(value = "${rabbitmq.config.exchange}")
25     private String exchange;
26 
27     // 路由鍵routingkey
28     private String routingKeyInfo = "order.log.info";
29     private String routingKeyDebug = "order.log.debug";
30     private String routingKeyTrace = "order.log.trace";
31     private String routingKeyWarn = "order.log.warn";
32     private String routingKeyError = "order.log.error";
33 
34     /**
35      * 發送消息的方法
36      * 
37      * @param msg
38      */
39     public void producer(String msg) {
40         // 向消息隊列發送消息
41         // 參數1,交換器的名稱
42         // 參數2,路由鍵
43         // 參數3,消息
44         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyInfo, "order.log.info......" + msg);
45         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyDebug, "order.log.debug......" + msg);
46         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyTrace, "order.log.trace......" + msg);
47         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyWarn, "order.log.warn......" + msg);
48         this.rabbitmqAmqpTemplate.convertAndSend(this.exchange, this.routingKeyError, "order.log.error......" + msg);
49     }
50 
51 }

這裏使用web工程，瀏覽器訪問調用，方便測試。你也可使用單元測試的方法。服務器

 1 package com.example.bie.controller;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 7 
 8 import com.example.bie.provider.RabbitMqOrderLogProduce;
 9 import com.example.bie.provider.RabbitMqProductLogProduce;
10 import com.example.bie.provider.RabbitMqUserLogProduce;
11 
12 /**
13  * 
14  * @author biehl
15  *
16  */
17 @Controller
18 public class RabbitmqController {
19 
20     @Autowired
21     private RabbitMqUserLogProduce rabbitMqUserLogProduce;
22 
23     @Autowired
24     private RabbitMqProductLogProduce rabbitMqProductLogProduce;
25 
26     @Autowired
27     private RabbitMqOrderLogProduce rabbitMqOrderLogProduce;
28 
29     @RequestMapping(value = "/userLogInfo")
30     @ResponseBody
31     public String rabbitmqSendUserLogInfoMessage() {
32         String msg = "生產者===>生者的UserLogInfo消息message: ";
33         for (int i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
34             rabbitMqUserLogProduce.producer(msg + i);
35         }
36         return "生產===>  UserLogInfo消息message  ===> success!!!";
37     }
38 
39     @RequestMapping(value = "/productLogInfo")
40     @ResponseBody
41     public String rabbitmqSendProductLogErrorMessage() {
42         String msg = "生產者===>生者的ProductLogInfo消息message: ";
43         for (int i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
44             rabbitMqProductLogProduce.producer(msg + i);
45         }
46         return "生產===>  ProductLogInfo消息message  ===> success!!!";
47     }
48 
49     @RequestMapping(value = "/orderLogInfo")
50     @ResponseBody
51     public String rabbitmqSendOrderLogInfoMessage() {
52         String msg = "生產者===>生者的OrderLogInfo消息message: ";
53         for (int i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
54             rabbitMqOrderLogProduce.producer(msg + i);
55         }
56         return "生產===>  OrderLogInfo消息message  ===> success!!!";
57     }
58 
59 }

生產者的啓動類以下所示：app

 1 package com.example;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 5 
 6 @SpringBootApplication
 7 public class RabbitmqProducerApplication {
 8 
 9     public static void main(String[] args) {
10         SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqProducerApplication.class, args);
11     }
12 
13 }

四、生產者開發完畢就能夠進行消費者的開發，也是先約束一下配置文件application.properties。maven

 1 # 給當前項目起名稱.
 2 spring.application.name=rabbitmq-topic-consumer
 3 
 4 # 配置端口號
 5 server.port=8080
 6 
 7 # 配置rabbitmq的參數.
 8 # rabbitmq服務器的ip地址.
 9 spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.110.133
10 # rabbitmq的端口號5672,區別於瀏覽器訪問界面的15672端口號.
11 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
12 # rabbitmq的帳號.
13 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
14 # rabbitmq的密碼.
15 spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
16 
17 # 設置交換器的名稱,方便修改.
18 # 路由鍵是將交換器和隊列進行綁定的,隊列經過路由鍵綁定到交換器.
19 rabbitmq.config.exchange=log.exchange.topic
20 
21 # info級別的隊列名稱.
22 rabbitmq.config.queue.info=log.info.queue
23 
24 # error級別的隊列名稱.
25 rabbitmq.config.queue.error=log.error.queue
26 
27 # 全日誌log級別的隊列名稱.
28 rabbitmq.config.queue.log=log.all.queue

約束好配置文件就能夠進行消費者的開發了，這裏是將用戶服務、商品服務、訂單服務產生的info、debug、trace、warn、error不一樣級別的日誌信息，使用rabbitmq的主題topic模式進行規則配置，即，消費者能夠專注消費info級別的消息，error級別的消息，或者所有級別的日誌消息。ide

 1 package com.example.bie.consumer;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
 4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
 5 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
 6 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
 7 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
 8 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
 9 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
10 
11 /**
12  * 
13  * @author biehl
14  * 
15  *         消息接收者
16  * 
17  *         一、@RabbitListener bindings:綁定隊列
18  * 
19  *         二、@QueueBinding
20  *         value:綁定隊列的名稱、exchange:配置交換器、key:路由鍵routing-key綁定隊列和交換器
21  * 
22  *         三、@Queue value:配置隊列名稱、autoDelete:是不是一個可刪除的臨時隊列
23  * 
24  *         四、@Exchange value:爲交換器起個名稱、type:指定具體的交換器類型
25  * 
26  * 
27  */
28 @Component
29 @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
30 
31         value = @Queue(value = "${rabbitmq.config.queue.info}", autoDelete = "true"),
32 
33         exchange = @Exchange(value = "${rabbitmq.config.exchange}", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
34 
35         key = "*.log.info"))
36 public class LogInfoConsumer {
37 
38     /**
39      * 接收消息的方法,採用消息隊列監聽機制.
40      * 
41      * @RabbitHandler意思是將註解@RabbitListener配置到類上面
42      * 
43      * @RabbitHandler是指定這個方法能夠進行消息的接收而且消費.
44      * 
45      * @param msg
46      */
47     @RabbitHandler
48     public void consumer(String msg) {
49         // 打印消息
50         System.out.println("All消費者===>消費: " + msg);
51     }
52 
53 }

 1 package com.example.bie.consumer;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
 4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
 5 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
 6 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
 7 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
 8 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
 9 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
10 
11 /**
12  * 
13  * @author biehl
14  * 
15  *         消息接收者
16  * 
17  *         一、@RabbitListener bindings:綁定隊列
18  * 
19  *         二、@QueueBinding
20  *         value:綁定隊列的名稱、exchange:配置交換器、key:路由鍵routing-key綁定隊列和交換器
21  * 
22  *         三、@Queue value:配置隊列名稱、autoDelete:是不是一個可刪除的臨時隊列
23  * 
24  *         四、@Exchange value:爲交換器起個名稱、type:指定具體的交換器類型
25  * 
26  * 
27  */
28 @Component
29 @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
30 
31         value = @Queue(value = "${rabbitmq.config.queue.error}", autoDelete = "true"),
32 
33         exchange = @Exchange(value = "${rabbitmq.config.exchange}", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
34 
35         key = "*.log.error"))
36 public class LogErrorConsumer {
37 
38     /**
39      * 接收消息的方法,採用消息隊列監聽機制.
40      * 
41      * @RabbitHandler意思是將註解@RabbitListener配置到類上面
42      * 
43      * @RabbitHandler是指定這個方法能夠進行消息的接收而且消費.
44      * 
45      * @param msg
46      */
47     @RabbitHandler
48     public void consumer(String msg) {
49         // 打印消息
50         System.out.println("Error消費者===>消費: " + msg);
51     }
52 
53 }

 1 package com.example.bie.consumer;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
 4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
 5 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
 6 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
 7 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
 8 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
 9 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
10 
11 /**
12  * 
13  * @author biehl
14  * 
15  *         消息接收者
16  * 
17  *         一、@RabbitListener bindings:綁定隊列
18  * 
19  *         二、@QueueBinding
20  *         value:綁定隊列的名稱、exchange:配置交換器、key:路由鍵routing-key綁定隊列和交換器
21  * 
22  *         三、@Queue value:配置隊列名稱、autoDelete:是不是一個可刪除的臨時隊列
23  * 
24  *         四、@Exchange value:爲交換器起個名稱、type:指定具體的交換器類型
25  * 
26  * 
27  */
28 @Component
29 @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
30 
31         value = @Queue(value = "${rabbitmq.config.queue.log}", autoDelete = "true"),
32 
33         exchange = @Exchange(value = "${rabbitmq.config.exchange}", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
34 
35         key = "*.log.*"))
36 public class LogAllConsumer {
37 
38     /**
39      * 接收消息的方法,採用消息隊列監聽機制.
40      * 
41      * @RabbitHandler意思是將註解@RabbitListener配置到類上面
42      * 
43      * @RabbitHandler是指定這個方法能夠進行消息的接收而且消費.
44      * 
45      * @param msg
46      */
47     @RabbitHandler
48     public void consumer(String msg) {
49         // 打印消息
50         System.out.println("Info消費者===>消費: " + msg);
51     }
52 
53 }

消費者的啓動類，以下所示：spring-boot

 1 package com.example;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 5 
 6 @SpringBootApplication
 7 public class RabbitmqConsumerApplication {
 8 
 9     public static void main(String[] args) {
10         SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqConsumerApplication.class, args);
11     }
12 
13 }