requests---requests簡介

　　在作接口測試的時候都會用到不少工具，如postman、jmeter、soupUI等工具，除了這些工具外，咱們也能夠用python的第3方庫requests來作接口測試。

 

request簡介

requests是python實現的簡單易用的HTTP庫，屬於python的第3方庫，經過pip進行安裝使用。

requests中文文檔：https://2.python-requests.org//zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#

requests安裝

1.打開cmd

2.經過pip進行安裝

# 安裝requests
pip install requests

 

requests發送get請求

源碼：

def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a GET request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)

1.首先導入requests模塊

2.選擇get方法請求地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/qican/

3.能夠查看請求的返回內容

# coding:utf-8
# 導入模塊
import requests
# 請求地址
url = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/qican/' 
r = requests.get(url) # 請求返回內容 text = r.text print(text)

4.請求攜帶參數params

5.請求地址：http://httpbin.org/get?

6.請求參數書寫以字典形式編寫如{ "name":  "requests" }

# coding:utf-8
# 導入requests模塊
import requests
# 攜帶參數
params = {
   "name": "request",
    "name1":"python"
}
# 請求地址
url = 'http://httpbin.org/get?'
r = requests.get(url,params=params)
text = r.text
print(text)


代碼結果：
{
  "args": {
    "name": "requests", 
    "name1": "python"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.21.0"
  }, 
  "origin": "116.247.112.151, 116.247.112.151", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?name=requests&name1=python"
}

經過觀察，能夠發現最後的url地址已經被更改爲了name=requests和name1=python

 

requests請求post

源碼：

def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a POST request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)

1.導入requests模塊

2.選擇post方法請求：http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query

3.輸入參數格式{」name「：」value「}

# coding:utf-8
import requests # 導入模塊
url = 'http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query'      # 請求地址
# 請求參數
data = {
    "city":"上海",
    "key":"331eab8f3481f37868378fcdc76cb7cd"
}
r = requests.post(data=data,url=url)
print(r.text)

 

返回值其餘內容

r.text # 返回所有內容
r.url  # 返回的url地址
r.content  # 返回解碼後的內容
r.cookies  # 返回cookies
r.headers   # 返回攜帶的請求頭
r.status_code  # 返回狀態碼
r.json() # 返回json格式