LockSupport類能夠阻塞當前線程以及喚醒指定被阻塞的線程。主要是經過park()和unpark(thread)方法來實現阻塞和喚醒線程的操做的。java
每一個線程都有一個許可(permit),permit只有兩個值1和0,默認是0。多線程
- 當調用unpark(thread)方法,就會將thread線程的許可permit設置成1(注意屢次調用unpark方法,不會累加,permit值仍是1)。
- 當調用park()方法,若是當前線程的permit是1,那麼將permit設置爲0,並當即返回。若是當前線程的permit是0,那麼當前線程就會阻塞,直到別的線程將當前線程的permit設置爲1.park方法會將permit再次設置爲0,並返回。
注意:由於permit默認是0,因此一開始調用park()方法,線程一定會被阻塞。調用unpark(thread)方法後,會自動喚醒thread線程,即park方法當即返回。dom
import java.util.Queue; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean; import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport; // 簡易的先進先出非重入鎖 class FIFOMutex { // private final AtomicBoolean locked = new AtomicBoolean(false); // 記錄等待線程隊列 private final Queue<Thread> waiters = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Thread>(); public void lock() { boolean wasInterrupted = false; Thread current = Thread.currentThread(); waiters.add(current); // 若是當前線程不是等待線程隊列第一個,或者locked狀態已是true,那麼當前線程就要等待 while (waiters.peek() != current || !locked.compareAndSet(false, true)) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" park start"); LockSupport.park(this); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" park end"); // 等待線程的中斷線程標誌位爲true,就設置wasInterrupted爲true if (Thread.interrupted()) wasInterrupted = true; } // 移除第一個元素。當前線程就是第一個元素,由於while判斷條件 waiters.remove(); // 若是wasInterrupted爲true,當前線程發出中斷請求 if (wasInterrupted) current.interrupt(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" lock end" ); } // 喚醒可能等待的線程 public void unlock() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" unpark start "); // 將locked設置爲false locked.set(false); // 喚醒當前線程隊列中第一個元素 LockSupport.unpark(waiters.peek()); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" unpark end "); } } public class LockSupportTest { public static void startThread(String name, final FIFOMutex clock, final CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { clock.lock(); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" finally"); countDownLatch.countDown(); clock.unlock(); } } }, name).start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { FIFOMutex clock = new FIFOMutex(); CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3); startThread("t111", clock, countDownLatch); startThread("t222", clock, countDownLatch); startThread("t333", clock, countDownLatch); try { countDownLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("main end"); } }
從這個例子中能夠看出,park方法會阻塞當前線程,unpark(thread)方法,會當即喚醒被阻塞的線程,讓它從park方法處繼續執行。ide
package java.util.concurrent.locks; import sun.misc.Unsafe; import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom; /** * 提供阻塞線程和喚醒線程的方法。 */ public class LockSupport { // 構造函數是私有的,因此不能在外部實例化 private LockSupport() {} // 用來設置線程t的parkBlocker屬性。此對象在線程受阻塞時被記錄,以容許監視工具和診斷工具肯定線程受阻塞的緣由。 private static void setBlocker(Thread t, Object arg) { UNSAFE.putObject(t, parkBlockerOffset, arg); } // 喚醒處於阻塞狀態下的thread線程 public static void unpark(Thread thread) { // 當線程不爲null時調用 if (thread != null) // 經過UNSAFE的unpark喚醒被阻塞的線程 UNSAFE.unpark(thread); } // 阻塞當前線程 public static void park(Object blocker) { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); // 設置線程t的parkBlocker屬性,用於記錄線程阻塞狀況 setBlocker(t, blocker); // 經過UNSAFE的park方法阻塞線程 UNSAFE.park(false, 0L); setBlocker(t, null); } // 阻塞當前線程nanos納秒時間,超出時間線程就會被喚醒返回 public static void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos) { if (nanos > 0) { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); setBlocker(t, blocker); UNSAFE.park(false, nanos); setBlocker(t, null); } } // 阻塞當前線程,超過deadline日期線程就會被喚醒返回 public static void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline) { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); setBlocker(t, blocker); UNSAFE.park(true, deadline); setBlocker(t, null); } // 獲取線程t的parkBlocker屬性 public static Object getBlocker(Thread t) { if (t == null) throw new NullPointerException(); return UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(t, parkBlockerOffset); } // 阻塞當前線程,不設置parkBlocker屬性 public static void park() { UNSAFE.park(false, 0L); } public static void parkNanos(long nanos) { if (nanos > 0) UNSAFE.park(false, nanos); } public static void parkUntil(long deadline) { UNSAFE.park(true, deadline); } static final int nextSecondarySeed() { int r; Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); if ((r = UNSAFE.getInt(t, SECONDARY)) != 0) { r ^= r << 13; // xorshift r ^= r >>> 17; r ^= r << 5; } else if ((r = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt()) == 0) r = 1; // avoid zero UNSAFE.putInt(t, SECONDARY, r); return r; } // Hotspot implementation via intrinsics API private static final Unsafe UNSAFE; private static final long parkBlockerOffset; private static final long SEED; private static final long PROBE; private static final long SECONDARY; static { try { UNSAFE = Unsafe.getUnsafe(); Class<?> tk = Thread.class; parkBlockerOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset (tk.getDeclaredField("parkBlocker")); SEED = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset (tk.getDeclaredField("threadLocalRandomSeed")); PROBE = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset (tk.getDeclaredField("threadLocalRandomProbe")); SECONDARY = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset (tk.getDeclaredField("threadLocalRandomSecondarySeed")); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); } } }
LockSupport的源碼比較簡單,主要就是park系列阻塞當前線程的方法,以及unpark喚醒某個線程的方法。函數
注意,park系列的方法就是直接阻塞當前線程的,因此不須要線程變量參數。而unpark方法是喚醒對應線程的,因此必須傳遞線程變量thread。
在Java多線程詳細介紹這篇文章中,咱們介紹了線程一共有六種狀態,而park系列方法線程進入兩種狀態:WAITING等待狀態或TIMED_WAITING等待狀態。這兩種狀態都會使線程阻塞在當前位置。
那麼怎麼喚醒這兩種狀態的線程呢?工具
對於WAITING等待狀態有兩種喚醒方式:this
- 調用對應的喚醒方法。這裏就是LockSupport的unpark方法。
- 調用該線程變量的interrupt()方法,會喚醒該線程,並拋出InterruptedException異常。
對於TIMED_WAITING等待狀態來講,它比WAITING狀態多了一種喚醒方式,就是超過規定時間,那麼線程會自動醒來。atom