在字典中,咱們使用鍵值對來存儲數據。
this
Dictionary (map, association list) is a data structure, which is generally an association of unique keys with some values. One may bind a value to a key, delete a key (and naturally an associated value) and lookup for a value by the key.spa
字典中存儲的是[key,value],其中鍵名是用來查詢特定的元素的。字典和集合很類似,只是集合以[value,value]的格式來存儲數據的。字典也叫做映射。code
下面經過一個實際例子來建立而且使用一下字典。對象
首先建立一個字典:
索引
function Dictionary(){ var items = {}; this.set = function(key, value){ items[key] = value; //以鍵做爲索引來存儲數據 }; this.remove = function(key){ if (this.has(key)){ delete items[key]; return true; } return false; }; this.has = function(key){ return items.hasOwnProperty(key); //return value in items; }; this.get = function(key) { return this.has(key) ? items[key] : undefined; }; this.clear = function(){ items = {}; }; this.size = function(){ return Object.keys(items).length; }; this.keys = function(){ return Object.keys(items); }; this.values = function(){ var values = []; for (var k in items) { if (this.has(k)) { values.push(items[k]); } } return values; }; this.each = function(fn) { for (var k in items) { if (this.has(k)) { fn(k, items[k]); } } }; this.getItems = function(){ return items; } }
接下來咱們使用這個建立好的字典來存儲一些郵件地址的數據吧,相似一個簡易的電子郵件薄:
ip
var dictionary = new Dictionary(); dictionary.set('Gandalf', 'gandalf@email.com'); dictionary.set('John', 'johnsnow@email.com'); dictionary.set('Tyrion', 'tyrion@email.com'); console.log(dictionary.has('Gandalf')); console.log(dictionary.size()); console.log(dictionary.keys()); console.log(dictionary.values()); console.log(dictionary.get('Tyrion')); dictionary.remove('John'); console.log(dictionary.keys()); console.log(dictionary.values()); console.log(dictionary.getItems()); //打印輸出items對象的內部結構
輸出的結果以下:ci