Java的javax.sql.DataSource接口提供了一種處理數據庫鏈接的標準方法。一般,DataSource使用URL和一些憑據來創建數據庫鏈接。html
SpringBoot默認提供了針對內存數據庫的數據源,如H二、hqldb、Derby等。java
當咱們引入spring-boot-start-jdbc時,SpringBoot會默認使用其綁定的Tomcat的數據源。
mysql
DataSource可由spring.datasource.*中的外部配置屬性控制。例如,您能夠在application.properties中聲明如下部分:spring
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/test
spring.datasource.username=dbuser
spring.datasource.password=dbpass
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
固然,咱們也能夠是使用基於Java代碼的配置方法:sql
@Bean
public DataSource mysqlDataSource(){
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
return dataSource;
}
有時候,咱們須要使用第三方的數據源,如Druid、C3P0等,在SpringBoot中也很簡單。數據庫
以Druid爲例,首先添加Maven依賴:安全
<dependencies>
<!-- 添加MySQL依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加JDBC依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加Druid依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
配置數據庫鏈接信息便可:bash
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
@Autowired
private Environment env;
@Bean
public DataSource getDataSource() {
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("spring.datasource.url"));
dataSource.setUsername(env.getProperty("spring.datasource.username"));
dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("spring.datasource.password"));
return dataSource;
}
}
有時候,咱們須要在程序運行過程當中動態增長或改變數據源。app
Spring2.0 引入了AbstractRoutingDataSource,該類能夠充當DataSource的路由中介,能在運行時,動態切換當前數據源。以下爲其核心代碼,可見他是根據determineCurrentLookupKey()獲取Key值,來從resolvedDataSources中找到要切換的數據源。ide
private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources;
private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey();
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
}
if (dataSource == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
} else {
return dataSource;
}
}
而這個determineCurrentLookupKey函數須要咱們自已來實現,因此咱們要定義一個子類DynamicRoutingDataSource來繼承AbstractRoutingDataSource,而後實現這個方法,其實就是返回一個Key字符串!。
爲了保證線程安全,咱們能夠把數據源的Key信息保存在ThreadLocal中,以下:
public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>() {
@Override
protected String initialValue() {
return "dynamic_db0";
}
};
/**
* To switch DataSource
*
* @param key the key
*/
public static void setDataSourceKey(String key) {
contextHolder.set(key);
}
/**
* Get current DataSource
*
* @return data source key
*/
public static String getDataSourceKey() {
return contextHolder.get();
}
/**
* To set DataSource as default
*/
public static void clearDataSourceKey() {
contextHolder.remove();
}
}
這樣,determineCurrentLookupKey就能夠以下定義:
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
System.out.println("Current DataSource is [{}]"+ DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey());
return DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey();
}
因此咱們在使用時,只須要使用DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceKey(),並能夠切換數據源。
新增數據源,其實就是更新targetDataSources字段,一個簡單的Demo以下:
/**
* 動態增長數據源
*
* @param map 數據源屬性
* @return
*/
public synchronized boolean addDataSource(Map<String, String> map) {
try {
String database = map.get("database");//獲取要添加的數據庫名
if (database==null||database.equals("")) return false;
if (DynamicRoutingDataSource.isExistDataSource(database)) return true;
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl(map.get("url"));
dataSource.setUsername(map.get("username"));
dataSource.setPassword(map.get("password"));
Map<Object, Object> targetMap = DynamicRoutingDataSource.targetDataSources;
targetMap.put(database, dataSource);
// 當前 targetDataSources 與 父類 targetDataSources 爲同一對象 因此不須要set
// this.setTargetDataSources(targetMap);
this.afterPropertiesSet();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
return false;
}
return true;
}
咱們能夠將其以Bean形式配置,並在其中設置默認數據源。
@Bean("dynamicDataSource")
public DynamicRoutingDataSource dynamicDataSource() {
DynamicRoutingDataSource dynamicRoutingDataSource = new DynamicRoutingDataSource();
Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
dataSourceMap.put("DEMO", dataSource);
dynamicRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(dataSource);// 設置默認數據源
dynamicRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
return dynamicRoutingDataSource;
}
以後,咱們在代碼中即可以執行新增數據源、切換數據源操做等等。
參考文檔: