ES12-詞項查詢

時間  2019-12-19
標籤 es12 查詢 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

1.詞項查詢介紹

全文查詢將在執行以前分析查詢字符串，但詞項級別查詢將按照存儲在倒排索引中的詞項進行精確操做。這些查詢一般用於數字，日期和枚舉等結構化數據，而不是全文本字段。 或者，它們容許您製做低級查詢，並在分析過程以前進行。正則表達式

2.term查詢

term查詢用於詞項搜索，前一章已經介紹過這裏再也不重複。數組

3.terms查詢

term查詢對於查找單個值很是有用，但一般咱們可能想搜索多個值。咱們只要用單個 terms 查詢（注意末尾的 s ）， terms 查詢比如是 term 查詢的複數形式（以英語名詞的單複數作比）。性能

以下查詢」title「中包含」河北「，」長生「，」碧桂園「三個詞組。url

GET telegraph/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "title": ["河北","長生","碧桂園"]
    }
  }
}
{
  "took": 7,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "A5etp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "碧桂園集團副主席楊惠妍",
          "content": "楊惠妍分別於7月10日、11日買入碧桂園1000萬股、1500萬股",
          "author": "小財注",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T16:12:55"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "Apetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "長生生物再次跌停 三機構拋售近1000萬元",
          "content": "長生生物再次一字跌停，報收19.89元，成交1432萬元",
          "author": "長生生物",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T10:03:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "BJetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "河北聚焦十大行業推動國際產能合做",
          "content": "河北省政府近日出臺積極參與「一帶一路」建設推動國際產能合做實施方案",
          "author": "財聯社",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T14:14:55"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4. terms_set查詢

查找與一個或多個指定詞項匹配的文檔，其中必須匹配的術語數量取決於指定的最小值，應匹配字段或腳本。spa

5.range查詢

range查詢用於匹配數值型、日期型或字符串型字段在某一範圍內的文檔。code

日期類型範圍查詢

上面例子查詢發佈時間「pubdate」在「2018-07-17T12:00:00」和「2018-07-17T16:30:00」之間的文檔數據。regexp

GET telegraph/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "pubdate": {
        "gte": "2018-07-17T12:00:00",
        "lte": "2018-07-17T16:30:00"
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結果orm

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "AZetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "週五召開董事會會議 審議及批准更新後的一季報",
          "content": "以審議及批准更新後的2018年第一季度報告",
          "author": "中興通信",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T12:33:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "A5etp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "碧桂園集團副主席楊惠妍",
          "content": "楊惠妍分別於7月10日、11日買入碧桂園1000萬股、1500萬股",
          "author": "小財注",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T16:12:55"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "BJetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "河北聚焦十大行業推動國際產能合做",
          "content": "河北省政府近日出臺積極參與「一帶一路」建設推動國際產能合做實施方案",
          "author": "財聯社",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T14:14:55"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

數值類型範圍查詢

新建索引添加數據索引

DELETE my_person

PUT my_person

PUT my_person/stu/1
{
  "name":"sean",
  "age":20
}

PUT my_person/stu/2
{
  "name":"sum",
  "age":25
}

PUT  my_person/stu/3
{
  "name":"dean",
  "age":30
}

PUT my_person/stu/4
{
  "name":"kastel",
  "age":35
}

查詢「age」範圍在20到30之間的人員ip

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 20,
        "lte": 30
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "age": 25
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "age": 20
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "dean",
          "age": 30
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

6.exists查詢

查詢文檔中的字段至少包含一個非空值。

建立索引添加數據

DELETE my_person

PUT my_person

PUT my_person/stu/1
{
  "name":"sean",
  "hobby":"running"
}

PUT my_person/stu/2
{
  "name":"Jhon",
  "hobby":""
}

PUT my_person/stu/3
{
  "name":"sum",
  "hobby":["swimming",null]
}

PUT my_person/stu/4
{
  "name":"lily",
  "hobby":[null,null]
}

PUT my_person/stu/5
{
  "name":"lucy"
}

查詢「hobby」不爲空的文檔

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists":{
      "field":"hobby"
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 12,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "Jhon",
          "hobby": ""
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "hobby": "running"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

匹配說明：

  • "hobby":"running"------值不爲空（能夠匹配）
  • "hobby":""------值爲空字符串，不是空值（能夠匹配）
  • "hobby":["swimming",null]------數組中有非空值（能夠匹配）
  • "hobby":[null,null]------數組中值都爲null（不能夠匹配）
  • "name":"lucy"------沒有hobby字段（不能夠匹配）

7.prefix查詢

查詢以匹配字符串開頭的文檔,以下查詢」hobby「中以」sw「開頭的文檔

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "hobby": {
        "value": "sw"
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 11,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "deak",
          "hobby": "swimming"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

8.wildcard查詢

通配符查詢,以下查詢hobby匹配」*ing「的文檔

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "hobby": {
        "value": "*ing"
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 27,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "deak",
          "hobby": "swimming"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "hobby": "running"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

9.regexp查詢

正則表達式查詢的性能很大程度上取決於所選的正則表達式。 相似.*的匹配任何內容的正則表達式很是緩慢，而且使用了lookaround正則表達式。 若是能夠的話，請嘗試在正則表達式開始以前使用長前綴。 像.*?+這樣的通配符匹配器大多會下降性能。大多數正則表達式引擎容許您匹配字符串的任何部分。 若是你想讓正則表達式模式從字符串的開頭開始，或者在字符串的末尾完成，那麼你必須明確地定位它，使用^表示開始或$表示結束。

元字符 語義 說明 例子
. Match any character The period 「.」 can be used to represent any character
匹配任何一個字符		 ab.匹配abc、ab1
+ One-or-more The plus sign 「+」 can be used to repeat the preceding shortest pattern once or more times.
加號「+」能夠用來重複上一個最短的模式一次或屢次。		 「aaabbb」匹配a+b+
* Zero-or-more The asterisk 「*」 can be used to match the preceding shortest pattern zero-or-more times. 「aaabbb」匹配a*b*
? Zero-or-one The question mark 「?」 makes the preceding shortest pattern optional. It matches zero or one times. 「aaabbb」匹配aaa?bbbb?
{m},{m,n} Min-to-max Curly brackets 「{}」 can be used to specify a minimum and (optionally) a maximum number of times the preceding shortest pattern can repeat. 「aaabbb」匹配a{3}b{3}和a{2,4}b{2,4}
() Grouping Parentheses 「()」 can be used to form sub-patterns. 「ababab」匹配(ab)+
| Alternation The pipe symbol 「|」 acts as an OR operator. 「aabb」匹配aabb|bbaa
[] Character classes Ranges of potential characters may be represented as character classes by enclosing them in square brackets 「[]」. A leading ^ negates the character class. [abc]匹配 ‘a’ or ‘b’ or ‘c’
~ Complement The shortest pattern that follows a tilde 「~」 is negated（否認）.「ab~cd」的意思是：以a開頭，後跟b，後面跟一個任意長度的字符串，但不是c，以d結尾 「abcdef」匹配ab~df或a~(cb)def，不匹配ab~cdef和a~(bc)def
<> Interval間隔 The interval option enables the use of numeric ranges, enclosed by angle brackets 「<>」. 「foo80」匹配foo<1-100>
& Intersection The ampersand 「&」 joins two patterns in a way that both of them have to match. 「aaabbb」匹配aaa.+&.+bbb
@ Any string The at sign 「@」 matches any string in its entirety. @&~(foo.+)匹配除了以「foo」開頭的字符串 「foo」

查詢」hobby「字段值與」sw.+「正則匹配的文檔

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "regexp":{
      "hobby":"sw.+"
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 5,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "deak",
          "hobby": "swimming"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

10.fuzzy查詢

模糊查詢

GET telegraph/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "title": "十大"
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 4,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.99277425,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "BJetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 0.99277425,
        "_source": {
          "title": "河北聚焦十大行業推動國際產能合做",
          "content": "河北省政府近日出臺積極參與「一帶一路」建設推動國際產能合做實施方案",
          "author": "財聯社",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T14:14:55"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

11.ids查詢

根據跟定的文檔id列表查詢文檔。

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids": {
      "values": ["1","3","5"]
    }
  }
}

查詢結果

{
  "took": 4,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "lucy"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "hobby": "running"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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