本文主要介紹SQL查詢的性能優化及其替代方案。html
1.避免in,disdinct,用exists代替。用NOT EXISTS替代NOT INsql
例如:select num from a where num in(select num from b) 代替成:數據庫
select num from a where exists(select 1 from b where num=a.num) 性能優化
(低效): SELECT DISTINCT DEPT_NO,DEPT_NAME FROM DEPT D , EMP E WHERE D.DEPT_NO = E.DEPT_NO函數
(高效): SELECT DEPT_NO,DEPT_NAME FROM DEPT D WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT ‘X' FROM EMP E WHERE E.DEPT_NO = D.DEPT_NO);性能
2.儘可能避免全表掃描,首先應考慮在 where 及 order by 涉及的列上創建索引優化
3.儘可能避免在 where 子句中對字段進行 null 值判斷 select id from t where num is null spa
解決辦法:數據庫不要留NULL,可設置默認0等。 select id from t where num = 0 。或者用where>=0這樣.net
4.避免在 where 子句中使用 != 或 <> 操做符code
5.避免在 where 子句中使用 or 來鏈接條件,若是一個字段有索引,一個字段沒有索引,將致使引擎放棄使用索引而進行全表掃描
(低效)select id from t where num=10 or Name = 'admin'
(高效)select id from t where num = 10
union all
select id from t where Name = 'admin'
6.避免in,若爲連續數值,儘可能用between
(低效)select id from t where num in(1,2,3)
(高效)select id from t where num between 1 and 3
7.避免在 where 子句中對字段進行表達式操做
(低效)select id from t where num/2 = 100
(高效)select id from t where num = 100*2
8.避免在where子句中對字段進行函數操做
(低效)select id from t where substring(name,1,3) = ’abc’ -–name以abc開頭的id
select id from t where datediff(day,createdate,’2005-11-30′) = 0 -–‘2005-11-30’ --生成的id
(高效)select id from t where name like 'abc%'
select id from t where createdate >= '2005-11-30' and createdate < '2005-12-1'
9.優化GROUP BY
提升GROUP BY 語句的效率,能夠經過將不須要的記錄在GROUP BY 以前過濾掉。下面兩個查詢返回相同結果但第二個明顯就快了許多。
(低效) SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB HAVING JOB = ‘PRESIDENT' OR JOB = ‘MANAGER'
(高效 )SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE JOB = ‘PRESIDENT' OR JOB = ‘MANAGER' GROUP BY JOB
參考:
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-fxaxlhna-y.html