Ansible是新出現的自動化運維工具,基於Python開發,集合了衆多運維工具(puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric)的優勢。實現了批量系統配置、批量程序部署、批量運行命令等功能。Ansible是基於模塊工做的,自己沒有批量部署的能力。真正具備批量部署的是Ansible所運行的模塊,Ansible只是提供一種框架。python
no agents:不須要在被管控主機上安裝任何客戶端;linux
no server:無服務器端,使用時直接運行命令便可;web
modules in any languages:基於模塊工做,可以使用任意語言開發模塊;json
yaml,not code:使用yaml語言定製劇本playbook;vim
ssh by default:基於SSH工做;centos
strong multi-tier solution:可實現多級指揮。ruby
輕量級,無需在客戶端安裝agent,更新時,只需在操做機上進行一次更新便可;服務器
批量任務執行能夠寫成腳本,並且不用分發到遠程就能夠執行;架構
使用python編寫,維護更簡單,ruby語法過於複雜;框架
支持sudo。
說明:以上內容大可能是基於他人分享的基礎上總結而來,學習借鑑之用;
系統平臺: CentOS 7.3
Ansible Server: 192.168.8.55
Ansible Client: 192.168.8.66
(1)寫hosts記錄
[root@Ansible ~]# echo "192.168.8.55 Ansible" >> /etc/hosts [root@Ansible ~]# echo "192.168.8.66 Client" >> /etc/hosts
(2)關閉firewalld和selinux
[root@Ansible ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
(3)關閉selinux
[root@Ansible ~]# setenforce 0 [root@Ansible ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
(1)配置好epel yum源安裝相應的基礎模塊,可使用yum直接安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# yum -y install python PyYAML python-paramiko python-jinja2 python-simplejson
(2)安裝Ansible
[root@Ansible ~]# yum -y install ansible
Ansible安裝所依賴插件較多,因此首先安裝插件
[root@Ansible ~]# yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel libffi-devel
(1)python3.6安裝
Ansible是用Python開發的,使用Ansible須要操做系統有Python,建議Python版本2.6以上。
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf Python-3.6.4.tgz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/Python-3.6.4/ [root@Ansible Python-3.6.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local [root@Ansible Python-3.6.4]# make [root@Ansible Python-3.6.4]# make install
將python頭文件拷貝到標準目錄,以免編譯ansible時,找不到所需的頭文件
[root@Ansible Python-3.6.4]# cd /usr/local/include/python3.6m/ [root@Ansible python3.6m]# cp -a ./* /usr/local/include/
備份舊版本的python,並符號連接新版本的python
[root@Ansible python3.6m]# cd /usr/bin/ [root@Ansible bin]# mv python python.old [root@Ansible bin]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python [root@Ansible bin]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python [root@Ansible bin]# cp /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
修改yum腳本,使其指向舊版本的python,已避免其沒法運行
[root@Ansible bin]# vim /usr/bin/yum
將#!/usr/bin/python修改成#!/usr/bin/python2.7
[root@Ansible bin]# vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
將#!/usr/bin/python修改成#!/usr/bin/python2.7
[root@Ansible bin]# python --測試安裝版本是否爲Python 3.6.4 Python 3.6.4 (default, Apr 17 2018, 11:03:21) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> exit() --退出python
(2)setuptools模塊安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab687b47dab03bab4a792e2bbb727a1eb5e0a88e3b86/setuptools-39.0.1.zip [root@Ansible ~]# unzip setuptools-39.0.1.zip -d /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/setuptools-39.0.1/ [root@Ansible setuptools-39.0.1]# python setup.py install
安裝好setuptools後就能夠利用easy_install這個工具安裝下面的python模塊了,但個人電腦是虛擬機,配置過低了,因此基本沒法安裝,因此只好一個一個下載下來再安裝了。
(3)pycrypto模塊安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/pycrypto-2.6.1/ [root@Ansible pycrypto-2.6.1]# python setup.py install
(4) PyYAML模塊安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget http://pyyaml.org/download/libyaml/yaml-0.1.7.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf yaml-0.1.7.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/yaml-0.1.7/ [root@Ansible yaml-0.1.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local [root@Ansible yaml-0.1.7]# make --jobs=`grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l` [root@Ansible yaml-0.1.7]# make install [root@Ansible ~]# wget http://pyyaml.org/download/pyyaml/PyYAML-3.12.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf PyYAML-3.12.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/PyYAML-3.12/ [root@Ansible PyYAML-3.12]# python setup.py install
(5)Jinja2模塊安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MarkupSafe/MarkupSafe-0.9.3.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf MarkupSafe-0.9.3.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/MarkupSafe-0.9.3/ [root@Ansible MarkupSafe-0.9.3]# python setup.py install [root@Ansible ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/56/e6/332789f295cf22308386cf5bbd1f4e00ed11484299c5d7383378cf48ba47/Jinja2-2.10.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf Jinja2-2.10.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/Jinja2-2.10/ [root@Ansible Jinja2-2.10]# python setup.py install
(6)paramiko模塊安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/e5/99ebb176e47f150ac115ffeda5fedb6a3dbb3c00c74a59fd84ddf12f5857/ecdsa-0.13.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf ecdsa-0.13.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/ecdsa-0.13/ [root@Ansible ecdsa-0.13]# python setup.py install [root@Ansible ~]# https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/65/83181630befb17cd1370a6abb9a87957947a43c2332216e5975353f61d64/paramiko-2.4.1.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvzf paramiko-2.4.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/paramiko-2.4.1/ [root@Ansible paramiko-2.4.1]# python setup.py install
(7)simplejson模塊安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0d/3f/3a16847fe5c010110a8f54dd8fe7b091b4e22922def374fe1cce9c1cb7e9/simplejson-3.13.2.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xvff simplejson-3.13.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible src]# cd /usr/src/simplejson-3.13.2/ [root@Ansible simplejson-3.13.2]# python setup.py install
(8) ansible安裝
[root@Ansible ~]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4a/3b/9d98e132074bb6a3f18fd811db2819fbde6fc8a26fad9a40b49e53cb2455/ansible-2.5.0.tar.gz [root@Ansible ~]# tar xf ansible-2.5.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@Ansible ~]# cd /usr/src/ansible-2.5.0/ [root@Ansible ansible-2.5.0]# python setup.py install
注:centos7.0安裝Ansible後發現找不到ansible.cfg,配置文件的路徑以下圖,並將配置文件拷貝過去
[root@Ansible ansible-2.5.0]# cd examples/ [root@Ansible examples]# pwd --注意路徑 /usr/src/ansible-2.5.0/examples [root@Ansible examples]# ls ansible.cfg hosts [root@Ansible examples]# mkdir /etc/ansible --建立ansible目錄 [root@Ansible examples]# cp ansible.cfg hosts /etc/ansible/ --拷貝文件 [root@Ansible examples]# ls -l /etc/ansible/ 總用量 24 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19315 4月 17 14:25 ansible.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1016 4月 17 14:25 hosts
[root@Ansible ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa --直接回車便可,不用設置密鑰密碼。 Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: bc:4e:4e:5f:61:a3:37:08:b0:c4:00:98:90:5b:c6:9f root@Ansible.01.com The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ |o=... | |+ + o | | + . .+ | |. E. + | | . S + | | o + o | | + o + | | = . o . | | o . | +-----------------+ [root@Ansible ~]# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys [root@Ansible ~]# chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
將公鑰傳給被管理的機器節點
[root@Ansible ~]# scp /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 192.168.8.66:/root/.ssh/ root@192.168.8.66's password: authorized_keys 100% 401 0.4KB/s 00:00
[root@Ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts --文件末尾添加如下內容 [web] 192.168.8.55 [root@Ansible ~]# ansible web -m command -a 'uptime' 192.168.8.55 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 14:56:03 up 12:53, 4 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
至此,Ansible的安裝配置已經完成,接下來進行模塊的講解。