mysql數據庫使用xtrabackup工具 實現備份和還原

下載xtrabackup工具包

percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 工具包能夠從官網下載
https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.4/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安裝xtrabackup工具包(須要啓用epel源)

[root@CentOS7 ~]# yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

1、實驗：xtrabackup 實現徹底備份和還原

備份過程

1）在原主機作徹底備份到/backups

原主機上有mysql的hellodb表

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

使用xtrabackup 工具有份數據庫

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/

查看backup下已經生成了備份的文件

[root@CentOS7 ~]#ls /data/backup/ -l 
total 18460
-rw-r----- 1 root root      431 May  6 22:32 backup-my.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 root root      272 May  6 22:32 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 May  6 22:32 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 May  6 22:32 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 May  6 22:32 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       20 May  6 22:32 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root       21 May  6 22:32 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root      113 May  6 22:32 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root      468 May  6 22:32 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root     2560 May  6 22:32 xtrabackup_logfile

xtrabackup_binlog_info、 xtrabackup_checkpoints、 xtrabackup_info文件裏存放了備份時的信息

[root@CentOS7 backup]#cat xtrabackup_binlog_info 
mysql-bin.000011    245
[root@CentOS7 backup]#cat xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 1638757
last_lsn = 1638757
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@CentOS7 backup]#cat xtrabackup_info 
uuid = c65e06f6-700b-11e9-9ac5-000c2926023f
name = 
tool_name = xtrabackup
tool_command = --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/
tool_version = 2.4.13
ibbackup_version = 2.4.13
server_version = 5.5.60-MariaDB
start_time = 2019-05-06 22:32:26
end_time = 2019-05-06 22:32:28
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos = filename 'mysql-bin.000011', position '245'
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 1638757
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N
encrypted = N

2）將備份的文件夾所有拷貝至目標主機

[root@CentOS7 ~]# scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.93.102:/data/backup

還原過程（在目標主機上 ）

1）預準備：確保數據一致，提交完成的事務，回滾未完成的事務

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/

2）複製到數據庫目錄

注意：數據庫目錄必須爲空，MySQL服務不能啓動

[root@CentOS7 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb 
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ls  /var/lib/mysql/ -l 
total 0
[root@CentOS7 ~]#
[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/

3）還原屬性

[root@CentOS7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

4）啓動服務

[root@CentOS7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb

5）測試

[root@CentOS7 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2、實驗：xtrabackup 實現增量備份和還原

備份過程

1）徹底備份

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/base

2）第一次修改數據

MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value('xiaoai',33);
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes           |
| coc               |
| courses           |
| scores            |
| students          |
| teachers          |
| toc               |
+-------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [hellodb]> drop table toc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3）第一次增量備份

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/base

4）第二次修改數據

MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set gender='F' where tid=5;`

5）第二次增量

[root@CentOS7 ~]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/inc1

6）將備份的數據庫文件拷貝至遠程主機

備份過程生成三個備份目錄

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ll /data/backup/
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 217 May  6 23:11 base
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May  6 23:13 inc1
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May  6 23:17 inc2

[root@CentOS7 ~]# scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.93.102:/data/backup

還原過程

在遠程主機上確認是否複製成功

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ll /data/backup/
total 0
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 217 May  6 15:19 base
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 243 May  6 15:19 inc1
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 243 May  6 15:19 inc2

1）預準備完成備份，此選項--apply-log-only 阻止回滾未完成的事務

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base

2）合併第1次增量備份到徹底備份

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1

3）合併第2次增量備份到徹底備份

若是是最後一次增量備份，還原時不須要加選項--apply-log-only

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --prepare  --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc2

4）複製到數據庫目錄

注意數據庫目錄必須爲空，MySQL服務不能啓動

[root@CentOS7 ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/base

5）還原屬性

[root@CentOS7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

6）啓動服務

[root@CentOS7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb

7）測試是否還原

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name          | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
|   1 | Song Jiang    |  45 | M      |
|   2 | Zhang Sanfeng |  94 | M      |
|   3 | Miejue Shitai |  77 | F      |
|   4 | Lin Chaoying  |  93 | F      |
|   5 | xiaoai        |  33 | F      |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)