Spring Cloud 消費服務Feign(踩着坑往前爬)

Feign

Spring Cloud Feign是一套基於Netflix Feign實現的聲明式服務調用客戶端。它使得編寫Web服務客戶端變得更加簡單。咱們只須要經過建立接口並用註解來配置它既可完成對Web服務接口的綁定。它具有可插拔的註解支持,包括Feign註解、JAX-RS註解。它也支持可插拔的編碼器和解碼器。Spring Cloud Feign還擴展了對Spring MVC註解的支持,同時還整合了Ribbon和Eureka來提供均衡負載的HTTP客戶端實現。java

分佈式應用早在十幾年前就開始出現,各自的應用運行在各自的tomcat,jboss一類的容器中,他們之間的相互調用變成了一種遠程調用,而實現遠程調用的方式不少。按照協議劃分,能夠有RPC,Webservice,http。不一樣的框架也對他們有了各自的實現,如dubbo(x),motan就都是RPC框架,本文所要講解的Feign即可以理解爲一種http框架,用於分佈式服務之間經過Http進行接口交互。說他是框架,有點過了,能夠理解爲一個http工具,只不過在spring cloud全家桶的體系中,它比httpclient,okhttp,retrofit這些http工具都要強大的多。web

Feign 採用的是基於接口的註解spring

Feign 整合了ribbonapache

 

繼續用上一節的工程, 啓動eureka-server,端口爲8761; 啓動service-hi 兩次,端口分別爲8762 、8773瀏覽器

建立一個feign的服務tomcat

新建一個spring-boot工程,取名爲serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依賴spring-boot-starter-webapp

若是使用idea本身的導入的spring boot節點有能夠能引入不了spring-cloud-starter-feign maven,框架

個人解決方法是換一個版本的spring boot的父節點maven

具體pom.xml節點以下:分佈式

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.zhiwei</groupId>
    <artifactId>serice-feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>serice-feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--引入Feign的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、 Web的起步依賴spring-boot-starter-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--dependencyManagement版本選擇Dalston.RC1負責下載不了feign包-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>


</project>
View Code

 

在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名爲service-feign,端口號爲8765,服務註冊地址爲http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代碼以下:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8765
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

  在程序的啓動類ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients註解開啓Feign的功能

package cn.zhiwei;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients//註解開啓Feign的功能:
public class SericeFeignApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SericeFeignApplication.class, args);
	}
}

  定義一個feign接口,經過@ FeignClient(「服務名」),來指定調用哪一個服務。好比在代碼中調用了service-hi服務的「/hi」接口,代碼以下:

package cn.zhiwei.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * 定義一個feign接口,經過@ FeignClient(「服務名」),來指定調用哪一個服務。
 * 好比在代碼中調用了service-hi服務的「/hi」接口
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/6.
 */
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
@Component
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

  在Web層的controller層,對外暴露一個」/hi」的API接口,經過上面定義的Feign客戶端SchedualServiceHi 來消費服務。代碼以下

package cn.zhiwei.controller;

import cn.zhiwei.service.SchedualServiceHi;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 在Web層的controller層,對外暴露一個」/hi」的API接口,
 * 經過上面定義的Feign客戶端SchedualServiceHi 來消費服務
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/6.
 */
@RestController
public class HiController {
    @Autowired
    SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
        return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
    }
}

  啓動程序,屢次訪問http://localhost:8765/hi?name=威哥,瀏覽器交替顯示:

結果與上篇博客的效果同樣

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