平時咱們使用NSTimer
或者CADisplayLink
,若是不加處理直接使用系統提供的API方法,就有可能出現強引用問題(注意是強引用
非循環引用
)。php
場景: 控制器A -> push -> 控制器B,控制器B的實現以下:objective-c
#import "ViewControllerB.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;
@end
@implementation ViewControllerB
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//每隔一秒鐘調用一次timerTest
self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timerTest) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}
- (void)timerTest
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
- (void)dealloc
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
[self.timer invalidate];
}
@end
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由控制器A進入控制器B, 定時器開始工做,但當點擊返回, 由B頁面返回A頁面時,會發現控制器B
的dealloc
方法沒有調用,說明控制器B
並無銷燬。markdown
那麼這是爲何呢??? 是由於循環引用問題 ??,嗯,看着像,由於控制器B
強引用timer
,timer
建立時會對target
(即控制器B
) 產生強引用,從而產生了強引用。網上不少文章也是這麼解釋的,其實也不能算錯,由於目前來看確實是有循環引用。 可是當你把控制器B
對timer
的引用改成弱引用
即:async
@property (weak, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;
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你會驚奇的發現,前面的問題依舊存在。那麼這又是爲何呢????,理應來講, 控制器B
弱引用timer
,那麼當- (void)viewDidLoad
方法執行完,timer的做用域就結束了,應該掛掉纔對, 事實上卻沒有,說明應該有別的對象強引用着timer
。事實如此,這個別的對象
其實就是Runloop對象。有源碼爲證(參考自GNUStep):函數
+ (NSTimer*) scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval: (NSTimeInterval)ti
target: (id)object
selector: (SEL)selector
userInfo: (id)info
repeats: (BOOL)f
{
id t = [[self alloc] initWithFireDate: nil
interval: ti
target: object // timer會強引用object
selector: selector
userInfo: info
repeats: f];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer: t forMode: NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
RELEASE(t);
return t;
}
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能夠看到,timer
建立以後是直接加入到了當前的Runloop
中,由此可得:控制器B
、timer
、Runloop
之間的引用關係:Runloop
=> timer
=> 控制器B
。 因此 控制器B
銷燬不了的緣由實際上是timer
對它存在強引用。oop
那麼如何解決呢?其實只要將timer
對控制器B
的引用改成弱引用便可,具體的方案其實網上均可以找到, 這裏也簡單說一下:ui
方案一: 換方法,使用block
的方式實現。(簡單明瞭) 實現以下:atom
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 使用block方式,實現timer對vc的弱引用
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 repeats:YES block:^(NSTimer * _Nonnull timer) {
[weakSelf timerTest];
}];
}
- (void)timerTest
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
- (void)dealloc
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
[self.timer invalidate];
}
@end
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方案二: 增長一個代理對象。以下: spa
實現代碼:代理
@interface MJProxy : NSProxy
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id target;
@end
#import "MJProxy.h"
@implementation MJProxy
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target
{
// NSProxy對象不須要調用init,由於它原本就沒有init方法
MJProxy *proxy = [MJProxy alloc];
proxy.target = target;
return proxy;
}
- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)sel
{
return [self.target methodSignatureForSelector:sel];
}
- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation
{
[invocation invokeWithTarget:self.target];
}
@end
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MJProxy.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:[MJProxy proxyWithTarget:self] selector:@selector(timerTest) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}
- (void)timerTest
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
- (void)dealloc
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
[self.timer invalidate];
}
@end
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CADisplayLink 的使用也是同樣的。
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MJProxy.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) CADisplayLink *link;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 保證調用頻率和屏幕的刷幀頻率一致,60FPS
self.link = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:[MJProxy proxyWithTarget:self] selector:@selector(linkTest)];
[self.link addToRunLoop:[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
}
- (void)timerTest
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
- (void)linkTest
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
- (void)dealloc
{
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
[self.link invalidate];
}
@end
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NSTimer
定時器是是偏差的,緣由與Runloop
有關。 NSTimer
依賴於Runloop
,NSTimer
建立以後須要加入到Runloop
中,而後Runloop
每次循環都會檢查一下NSTimer
,看是否須要執行相應的任務。 可是Runloop
的每一次循環所花費的時間是不固定的,任務較多,時間可能就長一點,任務少,時間可能就短一些。這是形成NSTimer
有偏差的緣由。
一句話: NSTimer依賴於RunLoop,若是RunLoop的任務過於繁重,可能會致使NSTimer不許時
那iOS中如何才能準確的計時呢? 可使用GCD定時器(與Runloop沒啥關係,直接調用內核函數)。
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_source_t timer;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 建立串行隊列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.long", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
// 建立定時器
dispatch_source_t timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, queue);
// 設置時間
uint64_t start = 2; // 2秒後開始
uint64_t interval = 1; // 間隔1秒
dispatch_source_set_timer(timer, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, start * NSEC_PER_SEC), interval * NSEC_PER_SEC, 0);
// 設置事件回調
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(timer, ^{
NSLog(@"11111111"); // 須要執行的任務
});
// 也能夠這樣設定
// dispatch_source_set_event_handler_f(timer, fireTimer);
// 啓動定時器
dispatch_resume(timer);
self.timer = timer; // 保住timer的命
}
void fireTimer() {
NSLog(@"11111111"); // 須要執行的任務
}
@end
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爲了方便之後使用,下面將GCD的定時器進行一下封裝。
.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface LCTimer : NSObject
+ (NSString *) execTask:(void(^)(void))task
start:(NSTimeInterval)start
interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval
repeating:(BOOL)repeating
async:(BOOL)async;
+ (NSString *) execTask:(id)target
selector:(SEL)selector
start:(NSTimeInterval)start
interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval
repeating:(BOOL)repeating
async:(BOOL)async;
+ (void)cancelTask:(NSString *)task;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
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.m文件
#import "LCTimer.h"
static NSMutableDictionary *timerMap_;
static dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore_;
@implementation LCTimer
// 類第一次接收到消息時調用
+ (void)initialize {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
timerMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
semaphore_ = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
});
}
+ (NSString *)execTask:(void(^)(void))task start:(NSTimeInterval)start interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeating:(BOOL)repeating async:(BOOL)async {
if (!task || start < 0 || (repeating && interval <= 0)) return nil;
// 建立串行隊列
dispatch_queue_t queue = async ? dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0) : dispatch_get_main_queue();
// 建立定時器
dispatch_source_t timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, queue);
// 設置時間
dispatch_source_set_timer(timer, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, start * NSEC_PER_SEC), interval * NSEC_PER_SEC, 0);
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
// 任務的Id
NSString *taskId = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%zd", timerMap_.count];
[timerMap_ setObject:timer forKey:taskId];
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore_);
// 設置事件回調
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(timer, ^{
task();
if (!repeating) {
[self cancelTask:taskId];
}
});
// 啓動定時器
dispatch_resume(timer);
return taskId;
}
+ (NSString *)execTask:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector start:(NSTimeInterval)start interval:(NSTimeInterval)interval repeating:(BOOL)repeating async:(BOOL)async {
if (!target || !selector) return nil;
return [self execTask:^{
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
if ([target respondsToSelector:selector]) {
[target performSelector:selector];
}
#pragma clang diagnostic push
} start:start interval:interval repeating:repeating async:async];
}
+ (void)cancelTask:(NSString *)task {
if (task.length <= 0) return;
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
dispatch_source_t timer = [timerMap_ objectForKey:task];
if (timer) {
dispatch_source_cancel(timer);
[timerMap_ removeObjectForKey:task];
}
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore_);
}
@end
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簡單使用:
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "LCTimer.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_source_t timer;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *taskId;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *taskId2;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.taskId = [LCTimer execTask:^{
NSLog(@"222222 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
} start:2 interval:1 repeating:YES async:NO];
self.taskId2 = [LCTimer execTask:self selector:@selector(justForTest) start:2 interval:1 repeating:YES async:YES];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[LCTimer cancelTask:self.taskId];
[LCTimer cancelTask:self.taskId2];
}
- (void)justForTest {
NSLog(@"555555555");
}
@end
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