張季躍 201771010139《面向對象程序設計(java)》第十七周學習總結java
二.實驗部分:編程
一、實驗目的與要求多線程
(1) 掌握線程同步的概念及實現技術;併發
(2) 線程綜合編程練習dom
二、實驗內容和步驟ide
實驗1:測試程序並進行代碼註釋。學習
測試程序1:測試
l 在Elipse環境下調試教材651頁程序14-7,結合程序運行結果理解程序;this
l 掌握利用鎖對象和條件對象實現的多線程同步技術。spa
實驗代碼:
package synch; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.locks.*; /** * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access. * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Bank { private final double[] accounts; private Lock bankLock; private Condition sufficientFunds; /** * Constructs the bank. * @param n the number of accounts * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account */ public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) { accounts = new double[n]; Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); bankLock = new ReentrantLock(); sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition(); } /** * Transfers money from one account to another. * @param from the account to transfer from * @param to the account to transfer to * @param amount the amount to transfer */ public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException { bankLock.lock(); try { while (accounts[from] < amount) sufficientFunds.await(); System.out.print(Thread.currentThread()); accounts[from] -= amount; System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to); accounts[to] += amount; System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); sufficientFunds.signalAll(); } finally { bankLock.unlock(); } } /** * Gets the sum of all account balances. * @return the total balance */ public double getTotalBalance() { bankLock.lock(); try { double sum = 0; for (double a : accounts) sum += a; return sum; } finally { bankLock.unlock(); } } /** * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. * @return the number of accounts */ public int size() { return accounts.length; } }
package synch; /** * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure. * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SynchBankTest { public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 10; public static void main(String[] args) { Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) { int fromAccount = i; Runnable r = () -> { try { while (true) { int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random())); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start(); } } }
實驗結果:
測試程序2:
l 在Elipse環境下調試教材655頁程序14-8,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
l 掌握synchronized在多線程同步中的應用。
實驗代碼:
package synch2; import java.util.*; /** * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses synchronization primitives. * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Bank { private final double[] accounts; /** * Constructs the bank. * @param n the number of accounts * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account */ public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) { accounts = new double[n]; Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); } /** * Transfers money from one account to another. * @param from the account to transfer from * @param to the account to transfer to * @param amount the amount to transfer */ public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException { while (accounts[from] < amount) wait(); System.out.print(Thread.currentThread()); accounts[from] -= amount; System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to); accounts[to] += amount; System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); notifyAll(); } /** * Gets the sum of all account balances. * @return the total balance */ public synchronized double getTotalBalance() { double sum = 0; for (double a : accounts) sum += a; return sum; } /** * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. * @return the number of accounts */ public int size() { return accounts.length; } }
package synch2; /** * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure, * using synchronized methods. * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SynchBankTest2 { public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 10; public static void main(String[] args) { Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) { int fromAccount = i; Runnable r = () -> { try { while (true) { int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random())); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start(); } } }
實驗結果:
測試程序3:
l 在Elipse環境下運行如下程序,結合程序運行結果分析程序存在問題;
l 嘗試解決程序中存在問題。
class Cbank { private static int s=2000; public static void sub(int m) { int temp=s; temp=temp-m; try { Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } s=temp; System.out.println("s="+s); } }
class Customer extends Thread { public void run() { for( int i=1; i<=4; i++) Cbank.sub(100); } } public class Thread3 { public static void main(String args[]) { Customer customer1 = new Customer(); Customer customer2 = new Customer(); customer1.start(); customer2.start(); } } |
實驗代碼:
class Cbank { private static int s=2000; public synchronized static void sub(int m) { int temp=s; temp=temp-m; try { Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } s=temp; System.out.println("s="+s); } } class Customer extends Thread { public void run() { for( int i=1; i<=4; i++) Cbank.sub(100); } } public class Thread3 { public static void main(String args[]) { Customer customer1 = new Customer(); Customer customer2 = new Customer(); customer1.start(); customer2.start(); } }
實驗結果:
實驗2 編程練習
利用多線程及同步方法,編寫一個程序模擬火車票售票系統,共3個窗口,賣10張票,程序輸出結果相似(程序輸出不惟一,能夠是其餘相似結果)。
Thread-0窗口售:第1張票
Thread-0窗口售:第2張票
Thread-1窗口售:第3張票
Thread-2窗口售:第4張票
Thread-2窗口售:第5張票
Thread-1窗口售:第6張票
Thread-0窗口售:第7張票
Thread-2窗口售:第8張票
Thread-1窗口售:第9張票
Thread-0窗口售:第10張票
實驗代碼:
public class 實驗程序2 { public static void main(String[] args) { Mythread mythread = new Mythread(); Thread ticket1 = new Thread(mythread); Thread ticket2 = new Thread(mythread); Thread ticket3 = new Thread(mythread); ticket1.start(); ticket2.start(); ticket3.start(); } } class Mythread implements Runnable { int ticket = 1; boolean flag = true; @Override public void run() { while (flag) { try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } synchronized (this) { if (ticket <= 10) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "窗口售:第" + ticket + "張票"); ticket++; } if (ticket > 10) { flag = false; } } } } }
實驗結果:
三.實驗總結:
本週的實驗是最後一次實驗,也是從開學到如今對我來講最簡單的一次實驗,在這一次的實驗中我主要加深了對於多線程的瞭解,知道了併發多線程的解決方法。最後,再一次對學長這個學期的講解表示感謝。