centos升級mysql至5.7

一、備份原數據庫

[root@www ~] #mysqldump -u root –p -E –all-database > /home/db-backup.sql

加-E是由於mysqldump默認並不處理mysql的事件，須要本身指明是否導出事件。

copy一份my.cnf，待安裝mysql5.7的時候參照。

[root@www ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /home/my.cnf

中止mysql服務

[root@www ~]# service mysqld stop
中止 mysqld：                                              [肯定]

卸載舊mysql版本。

[root@www ~]# yum remove mysql mysql-server

已加載插件：fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit
設置移除進程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* epel: mirrors.hustunique.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* rpmforge: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.163.com
132 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
解決依賴關係
--> 執行事務檢查
---> Package mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 will be 刪除
--> 處理依賴關係 mysql = 5.1.73-5.el6_6，它被軟件包 mysql-devel-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i                                                                                        686 須要
---> Package mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 will be 刪除
--> 執行事務檢查
---> Package mysql-devel.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 will be 刪除
--> 處理依賴關係 mysql-devel = 5.1.73-5.el6_6，它被軟件包 mysql-embedded-devel-5                                                                                        .1.73-5.el6_6.i686 須要
--> 執行事務檢查
---> Package mysql-embedded-devel.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 will be 刪除
--> 完成依賴關係計算

依賴關係解決

================================================================================
軟件包                    架構      版本                   倉庫           大小
================================================================================
正在刪除:
mysql                     i686      5.1.73-5.el6_6         @updates      2.3 M
mysql-server              i686      5.1.73-5.el6_6         @updates       24 M
爲依賴而移除:
mysql-devel               i686      5.1.73-5.el6_6         @updates      388 k
mysql-embedded-devel      i686      5.1.73-5.el6_6         @updates       14 M

事務概要
================================================================================
Remove        4 Package(s)

Installed size: 41 M
肯定嗎？[y/N]：y
下載軟件包：
運行 rpm_check_debug
執行事務測試
事務測試成功
執行事務
  正在刪除   : mysql-server-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                             1/4
warning: /var/log/mysqld.log saved as /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave
  正在刪除   : mysql-embedded-devel-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                     2/4
  正在刪除   : mysql-devel-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                              3/4
  正在刪除   : mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                                    4/4
  Verifying  : mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                                    1/4
  Verifying  : mysql-embedded-devel-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                     2/4
  Verifying  : mysql-server-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                             3/4
  Verifying  : mysql-devel-5.1.73-5.el6_6.i686                              4/4

刪除:
  mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6         mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6

做爲依賴被刪除:
  mysql-devel.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6  mysql-embedded-devel.i686 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6

完畢！

[root@www download]# yum remove mysql-embedded mysql-libs

… #刪除中…

若是centos安裝有mysql-client/mysql-devel，一樣須要執行yum刪除。

一個更好的辦法是一次刪除mysql開發的全部包

[root@www download]# yum remove mysql-*

不過這裏可能會致使一個很是嚴重的問題，mysql-libs刪除時，yum會將依賴它的crontab/postfix一塊兒刪除掉。

而新的mysql5.7安裝後，若是再yum install crontab，則它又會將mysql5.1.*安裝回系統，兩個不一樣版本的mysql共存會共用/etc/my.cnf，yum將會警告衝突。

若是不幸發生這種狀況。

# 一個技巧是經過yum dailyjobs安裝crontabs
yum install -y crontabs
# 它只安裝依賴cronie*及crontabs，而不安裝libmysql
# 問題在於安裝postfix則必然會檢查libmysqlclient，這又將致使安裝了mysql5.1.*
# 既然不能經過yum安裝postfix，那麼只能到官網下載編譯了...

　　避免這種狀況發生的一個方法是yum mysql-libs 時，經過rpm刪除

# 聲明不刪除依賴mysql-libs的其它軟件
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.*

　　至因而否會致使其它狀況，則有待觀察。

後來觀察到的一種狀況是：

1)、下載mysql-libs兼容庫（這東東只有mysql5.6之後纔有)

wget -c https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=463151

刪除掉原來的mysql：

yum remove mysql-*

記住，不要加-y參數；yum分析依賴，記住這些依賴，好比：

cronie
cronie-anacron
crontabs
postfix

下載mysql install yum repo：

# wget -c http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=462552 

# yum -Uvh mysql57-community-release-e16-8.noarch.rpm
# yum repolist all | grep mysql
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
# yum repolist enabled | grep ^mysql
# yum install mysql-community-server

安裝mysql-shared-compat：

rpm -Uvh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.31-l.e16.x86_64.rpm

安裝原來卸載的幾個庫：

yum install cronie* crontabs postfix

 

二、下載mysql5.7，須要先檢查centos的系統位數

[root@www ~]#getconf LONG_BIT
[root@www ~]#getconf WORD_BIT

我這裏兩個顯示都是32，所以應該下載32版本(對應i686)。

到http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/這個地址下載最新穩定版本，centos對應選擇Red Hat…

[root@www download]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

[root@www download]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

[root@www download]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

[root@www download]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm 

安裝依賴

[root@www download]# yum install -y libnuma*

分別安裝

[root@www download]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

[root@www download]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

[root@www download]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

[root@www download]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el6.i686.rpm

查看安裝信息

[root@www download]# yum list installed | grep ^mysql

mysql-community-client.i686           5.7.10-1.el6                     installed
mysql-community-common.i686           5.7.10-1.el6                     installed
mysql-community-libs.i686             5.7.10-1.el6                     installed
mysql-community-server.i686           5.7.10-1.el6                     installed

最後查看 mysql 版本

[root@www download]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.10, for Linux (i686) using  EditLine wrapper

看來真的已經正確安裝了。

一個更便捷的辦法就是經過yum倉庫安裝依賴，具體查看官網。

檢查my.cnf

[root@www download]# vim /etc/my.cnf

  1 # For advice on how to change settings please see
  2 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
  3
  4 [mysqld]
  5 #
  6 # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  7 # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  8 # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  9 #
10 # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: loggin    g
11 # changes to the binary log between backups.
12 # log_bin
13 #
14 # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
15 # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
16 # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
17 # join_buffer_size = 128M
18 # sort_buffer_size = 2M
19 # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
20 datadir=/var/lib/mysql
21 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
22

datadir、socket位置查看

[root@www download]# stat /var/lib/mysql  

File: "/var/lib/mysql"
  Size: 4096            Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   目錄
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 2621666     Links: 5
Access: (0751/drwxr-x--x)  Uid: (   27/   mysql)   Gid: (   27/   mysql)
Access: 2015-12-28 01:10:54.855025003 +0800
Modify: 2015-11-30 03:48:49.000000000 +0800
Change: 2015-12-28 00:54:11.506460247 +0800

看來數據還在。

這下能夠啓動mysql了吧。

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

MySQL Daemon failed to start.
正在啓動 mysqld：                                          [失敗]

提示失敗。先升級mysql配置

[root@www ~]# mysql_upgrade -u root –p

Enter password:
mysql_upgrade: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2) while connecting to the MySQL server
Upgrade process encountered error and will not continue.

結果報錯，應該是'/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' 不存在。先生成一個

[root@www ~]# touch /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

仍是報錯。

查看mysqld的啓動日誌發現從5.1升級到5.7變化很大，報了幾個waring和Error

2015-12-28T13:41:08.287625Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

…

2015-12-28T13:41:09.316911Z 0 [Warning] System table 'plugin' is expected to be transactional.
2015-12-28T13:41:09.318169Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2015-12-28T13:41:09.318285Z 0 [Warning] Failed to set up SSL because of the following SSL library error: SSL context is not usable without certificate and private key

…

2015-12-28T13:41:09.385341Z 0 [Warning] Failed to open optimizer cost constant tables

2015-12-28T13:41:09.386799Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: mysql.user table is damaged. Please run mysql_upgrade.
2015-12-28T13:41:09.386944Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

5.7須要添加幾個系統表。

先以安全模式啓動mysqld守護進程。

[root@www ~]# mysqld_safe start

151228 22:10:42 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
151228 22:10:42 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
151228 22:10:46 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

最後mysqld進程好像沒有啓動成功…

查看3306端口

[root@www ~]# netstat -ano|grep 3306
[root@www ~]#

果真一無所得。安全進程並未啓動，如錯誤日誌所述，基本系統表缺失。初始化之

[root@www ~]# mysqld –initialize

2015-12-28T14:18:49.246041Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2015-12-28T14:18:49.250859Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2015-12-28T14:18:49.250941Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

若是查看/etc/init.d/mysqld啓動項應知，mysqld --initialize命令是service mysqld start的一部份，若是 start的時候沒有發現data目錄則安裝之，發現錯誤則報錯…。故，上面的嘗試徒勞。

看來，它檢查到了原5.1的系統表，發現衝突之處。所以，應該將my.cnf下datadir/socket配置指定的存放位置移位。

[mysqld]

datadir=/var/lib/mysql5.7
socket=/var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql.sock

#上面socket目錄放在[mysqld]模塊內，那麼[client]也須要指定socket位置，否則會報錯

[client]

socket=/var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql.sock

移動到了mysql5.7目錄。同時，將/etc/init.d/mysqld的47行配置進行修改

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

…

get_mysql_option mysqld datadir "/var/lib/mysql5.7"

使它的datadir指向mysql5.7，根據上下文，mysql.sock的指向也變了，它也存放在mysql5.7目錄下面。

再次執行initialize命令。

[root@www ~]# mysqld –initialize

2015-12-28T14:30:42.853099Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2015-12-28T14:30:46.950814Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2015-12-28T14:30:47.713023Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2015-12-28T14:30:47.950677Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 965094c2-ad6f-11e5-8c8a-001641ad962e.
2015-12-28T14:30:47.999549Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2015-12-28T14:30:48.000932Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: sfW2h2*Y55IS

查看工做目錄是否創建

[root@www ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql5.7

auto.cnf        ibdata1      ib_logfile1  performance_schema
ib_buffer_pool  ib_logfile0  mysql        sys

有關[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated.Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (seedocumentation for more details).的警告查看http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_explicit_defaults_for_timestamp，這是個臨時啓動設置，未來會被廢棄，如今提醒你轉向新的mysql非標準sql行爲。

再次啓動mysqld安全模式

[root@www ~]# mysqld_safe

查看端口沒有啓動，提示mysql5.7所在目錄權限

2015-12-28T15:32:06.227936Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: ./ib_logfile0 can't be opened in read-write mode.

安裝了SELINUX策略後，不管APACHE或MYSQL都要更改目錄的權限，若是是APACHE，方法爲：

　　# chcon -R -h -t httpd_sys_content_t /www/web/
若是是mysql，方法爲：

　　# chcon -R -t mysqld_db_t /mysql

改變 mysql5.7的全部者和權限爲用戶mysql

[root@www ~]# chown -R mysql: /var/lib/mysql5.7

[root@www ~]# chmod -R og+wr /var/lib/mysql5.7
[root@www ~]# chcon -R -t mysqld_db_t /var/lib/mysql5.7
[root@www ~]# ls -laZ /var/lib/mysql5.7

drwxrwxrwx mysql mysql ?                                .
drwxr-xr-x root  root  ?                                ..
-rw-rw-rw- mysql mysql ?                                auto.cnf
-rw-rw-rw- mysql mysql ?                                ib_buffer_pool
-rw-rw-rw- mysql mysql ?                                ibdata1
-rw-rw-rw- mysql mysql ?                                ib_logfile0
-rw-rw-rw- mysql mysql ?                                ib_logfile1
drwxrwxrw- mysql mysql ?                                mysql
drwxrwxrw- mysql mysql ?                                performance_schema
drwxrwxrw- mysql mysql ?                                sys

再次啓動mysqld_safe

[root@www ~]# mysqld_safe

151229 00:40:40 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
151229 00:40:40 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql5.7
151229 00:40:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

嗯，已經沒有錯誤了！中止 mysqld_safe

[root@www ~]# mysqld_safe stop

執行啓動 mysqld

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
正在啓動 mysqld：                                          [肯定]
[root@www ~]# netstat -ano|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      off (0.00/0/0)

正常啓動。

登錄mysql客戶端

[root@www ~]# mysql -uroot –p

Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

這個在mysql5.7很是困擾，由於好像從mysql5.6開始，默認新安裝mysql，初始密碼不爲空，mysql會隨機生成一個。so，你須要本身從新設置一個。

與mysql5.6 不一樣， mysql.user下面，沒有password字段：

*************************** 1. row ***************************
                  Host: localhost
                  User: root
           Select_priv: Y
           Insert_priv: Y
           Update_priv: Y
           Delete_priv: Y
           Create_priv: Y
             Drop_priv: Y
           Reload_priv: Y
         Shutdown_priv: Y
          Process_priv: Y
             File_priv: Y
            Grant_priv: Y
       References_priv: Y
            Index_priv: Y
            Alter_priv: Y
          Show_db_priv: Y
            Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
      Lock_tables_priv: Y
          Execute_priv: Y
       Repl_slave_priv: Y
      Repl_client_priv: Y
      Create_view_priv: Y
        Show_view_priv: Y
   Create_routine_priv: Y
    Alter_routine_priv: Y
      Create_user_priv: Y
            Event_priv: Y
          Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
              ssl_type:
            ssl_cipher:
           x509_issuer:
          x509_subject:
         max_questions: 0
           max_updates: 0
       max_connections: 0
  max_user_connections: 0
                plugin: mysql_native_password
 authentication_string: *D3BFB08382EB0AB95519518E0BFF147C0A4D03E6
      password_expired: Y
password_last_changed: 2015-12-28 22:31:03
     password_lifetime: NULL
        account_locked: N

只有authentication_string，能夠看到，初始階段，它不爲空。

由於無法從mysql客戶端進入，所以，只能先關閉mysqld 進程，啓動mysqld_safe，指定--skip-grant-tables。

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
中止 mysqld：                                              [肯定]
[root@www ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

151229 21:29:14 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
151229 21:29:14 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql5.7

mysqld守護進程打開成功。新打開一個terminal window，進入mysql client。

[root@www ~]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.10 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('123456')  WHERE  User='root';

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

在新窗口中退出mysqld_safe進程，

[root@www ~]# ps -A|grep mysql

3758 pts/1    00:00:00 mysqld_safe
3939 pts/1    00:00:00 mysqld
[root@www ~]# kill -9 3758 3939

在mysqld_safe所在窗口(terminal)，能夠看到mysqld_safe已殺死。

如今嘗試正常開啓mysqld，並進入mysql client。

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

正在啓動 mysqld：                                          [肯定]

[root@www ~]# mysql -uroot –p

…

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.10

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

成功。

檢查自啓動項

[root@www download]# chkconfig –list

NetworkManager  0:關閉  1:關閉  2:啓用  3:啓用  4:啓用  5:啓用  6:關閉
…
multipathd      0:關閉  1:關閉  2:關閉  3:關閉  4:關閉  5:關閉  6:關閉
mysqld          0:關閉  1:關閉  2:關閉  3:關閉  4:關閉  5:關閉  6:關閉
netconsole      0:關閉  1:關閉  2:關閉  3:關閉  4:關閉  5:關閉  6:關閉

可見其沒有開啓，故開啓之

[root@www ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

如今再來看mysqld的啓動項：

…

mysqld          0:關閉  1:關閉  2:啓用  3:啓用  4:啓用  5:啓用  6:關閉

…

已經2 3 4 5級別level啓動（依/ect/init.d/mysqld啓動腳本設定）。

再有選擇地導入以前保存的sql備份（略）。

這裏須要提醒的是，  mysql5.7增長了一個嚴格模式，它認爲命令行的操做都是不安全的，所以須要指定客戶端（命令行）鏈接的有效期。若是沒有，它會查看session狀態，一旦檢查到其它操做，當即會提醒你更改密碼。所以最好在退出客戶端前經過下面語句更改密碼。

mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

須要注意的是，此mysql5.6起，mysql已經不容許密碼設置得過於簡單，內置加載一個叫validate-password.so的插件進行檢查。密碼強度，必須含有0-9，a-z,A-Z以及「-」或「_」，否則不給經過。

而後在/etc/my.cnf增長一個客戶端（命令行）有效期，固然能夠設置永不過時。

 　　[mysqld]

　　default_password_lifetime=0

全部設置完畢，若是還不能啓動，最大多是my.cnf配置錯誤，參照這裏。

至此結束。