採集rtsp流攝像頭到瀏覽器實時播放方案

轉載自：嚴健康的我的博客 http://www.yanjiankang.cn/

本文連接地址: http://www.yanjiankang.cn/rtsp_camera_to_web_browser/

---

最近在作一個流媒體的項目，項目中須要採集攝像頭的視頻流到網頁界面實時播放，通常ip攝像頭的流格式都是rtsp的，雖然能夠經過vlc實時播放，可是不如瀏覽器觀看給用戶的體驗簡單。

根據查找的資料和實際的實踐，目前發現的切實可行的方案有如下幾種（由於項目是採用java開發，所以下面的代碼也主要使用java實現）：

1. 使用xuggle庫直接解碼rtsp流，將解碼的一幀幀圖片發送給瀏覽器，使用html5的video播放mjpeg格式，即圖片的不斷刷新；

2. 使用xuggle庫直接解碼rtsp流，解碼結果直接發送給rtmp服務器，而後瀏覽器使用flash直接播放rtmp的視頻流；

3. ffmpeg直接解碼rtsp流，將解碼結果使用http發送到nodejs服務器，nodejs服務器使用websocket發送給客戶端，客戶端使用canvas實時繪製圖像；

下面詳細介紹這幾種方案。

FFmpeg和Xuggle的簡介

FFmpeg是一個自由軟件，能夠運行音頻和視頻多種格式的錄影、轉換、流功能，包含了libavcodec——這是一個用於多個項目中音頻和視頻的解碼器庫，以及libavformat——一個音頻與視頻格式轉換庫。
FFmpeg的安裝請參考：ubuntu上安裝ffmpeg

xuggle官網是一個開源的資源庫，可以讓開發者更好的去對視頻和音頻文件進行解碼、編碼、以及錄製等功能。xuggle是對ffmepg的封裝，是一套基於ffmpeg的開發庫。 使用很是方便。 在java中使用時，請在eclipse中導入其jar包。 xuggle-5.4-jar包下載

方案一的具體實現

xuggle讀取rtsp攝像頭的代碼以下：
import包以下：

1 2 3 4 5

import com . xuggle . mediatool . IMediaReader ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . MediaListenerAdapter ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . ToolFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . event . IVideoPictureEvent ;

其中：streamLocation是須要讀取的rtsp地址

1 2 3 4 5 6

mediaReader = ToolFactory . makeReader ( streamLocation ) ; mediaReader . setBufferedImageTypeToGenerate ( BufferedImage . TYPE_3BYTE _BGR） ; mediaReader . addListener ( this ) ; while ( mediaReader . readPacket ( ) == null && running ) ; mediaReader . close ( ) ;

上面這段代碼實現了rtsp的持續讀取，那麼讀取到的數據怎麼獲取，很簡單，實現如下的幀回調函數onVideoPicture便可。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

/** * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame */ public void onVideoPicture ( IVideoPictureEvent event ) {      BufferedImage frame = event . getImage ( ) ;      //stream是用戶自定義的rtsp視頻流的id，例如;streamId = this.hashcode()便可      images . put ( streamId , frame ) ;      frameNr ++ ; }

以上的images是使用guava庫的Cache創建的代碼以下：

1 2 3 4 5

import com . google . common . cache . Cache ; import com . google . common . cache . CacheBuilder ;   private static Cache < String , BufferedImage > images = null ;

使用html5 video標籤+javax.ws.rs實現的網頁顯示代碼以下：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254

import java . awt . image . BufferedImage ; import java . io . ByteArrayOutputStream ; import java . io . IOException ; import java . io . OutputStream ; import java . util . HashSet ; import java . util . Set ;   import javax . imageio . ImageIO ; import javax . ws . rs . DefaultValue ; import javax . ws . rs . GET ; import javax . ws . rs . Path ; import javax . ws . rs . PathParam ; import javax . ws . rs . Produces ; import javax . ws . rs . QueryParam ; import javax . ws . rs . WebApplicationException ; import javax . ws . rs . core . Application ; import javax . ws . rs . core . Response ; import javax . ws . rs . core . StreamingOutput ;   import org . slf4j . Logger ; import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ;   import com . google . common . cache . Cache ; import com . sun . jersey . api . container . httpserver . HttpServerFactory ; import com . sun . jersey . api . core . ApplicationAdapter ; import com . sun . net . httpserver . HttpServer ;   /** * A simple webservice used to view results MJPEG streams. * The webservice supports a number of calls different calls: * <ol> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/streams : lists the available JPG and MJPEG urls * </li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/picture/{streamid}.jpg : url to grab jpg * pictures</li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/tiles : provides a visual overview of all the * streams available at this service. Clicking an image will open the mjpeg * stream</li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg : provides a possibly * never ending mjpeg formatted stream</li> * </ol> * * The service runs on port 8558 by default but this can be changed by using the * port(int) method. * * @author Corne Versloot * */   @ Path ( "/streaming" ) public class MjpegStreamingOp extends Application {        private static Cache < String , BufferedImage > images = null ;      private Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( getClass ( ) ) ;      private HttpServer server ;      private int port = 8558 ;      private int frameRate = 20 ;    // this parameter decide the sleep time        public MjpegStreamingOp port ( int nr ) {          this . port = nr ;          return this ;      }        public MjpegStreamingOp framerate ( int nr ) {          this . frameRate = nr ;          return this ;      }        public void prepare ( ) throws IllegalArgumentException , IOException {          //此處須要修改成從rtsp讀進來的images存放的類          images = TCPClient . getImages ( ) ;          ApplicationAdapter connector = new ApplicationAdapter (                  new MjpegStreamingOp ( ) ) ;          server = HttpServerFactory . create ( "http://localhost:" + port + "/" ,                  connector ) ;          server . start ( ) ;      }        /**      * Sets the classes to be used as resources for this application      */      public Set < Class <? >> getClasses ( ) {          Set < Class <? > > s = new HashSet < Class < ? >> ( ) ;          s . add ( MjpegStreamingOp . class ) ;          return s ;      }        public void deactivate ( ) {          server . stop ( 0 ) ;          images . invalidateAll ( ) ;          images . cleanUp ( ) ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/streams" )      @ Produces ( "text/plain" )      public String getStreamIds ( ) throws IOException {          String result = new String ( ) ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              result += "/streaming/picture/" + id + ".jpeg\r\n" ;          }          System . out . println ( "\r\n" ) ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              result += "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\r\n" ;          }          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/picture/{streamid}.jpeg" )      @ Produces ( "image/jpg" )      public Response jpeg ( @ PathParam ( "streamid" ) final String streamId ) {          BufferedImage image = null ;          if ( ( image = images . getIfPresent ( streamId ) ) != null ) {              ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ( ) ;              try {                  ImageIO . write ( image , "jpg" , baos ) ;                  byte [ ] imageData = baos . toByteArray ( ) ;                  return Response . ok ( imageData ) . build ( ) ; // non streaming                  // return Response.ok(new                  // ByteArrayInputStream(imageDAta)).build(); // streaming              } catch ( IOException ioe ) {                  logger . warn ( "Unable to write image to output" , ioe ) ;                  return Response . serverError ( ) . build ( ) ;              }          } else {              return Response . noContent ( ) . build ( ) ;          }      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/playmultiple" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showPlayers ( @ DefaultValue ( "3" ) @ QueryParam ( "cols" ) int cols ,              @ DefaultValue ( "0" ) @ QueryParam ( "offset" ) int offset ,              @ DefaultValue ( "6" ) @ QueryParam ( "number" ) int number )              throws IOException {          // number = Math.min(6, number);          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players                         </title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;          result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\">Streams: " + images . size ( )                  + " (showing " + offset + " - "                  + Math . min ( images . size ( ) , offset + number ) + ")</font><br/>" ;          result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0;                    border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          int videoNr = 0 ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              if ( videoNr < offset ) {                  videoNr ++ ;                  continue ;              }              if ( videoNr - offset > 0 && ( videoNr - offset ) % cols == 0 ) {                  result += "</tr><tr>" ;              }              result += "<td><video poster=\"mjpeg/"                      + id                      + ".mjpeg\">"                      + "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video></td>" ;              // result +=              // "<td><img src=\"http://"+InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()                              + ":" + port + "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\"></td>" ;              if ( videoNr > offset + number )                  break ;              videoNr ++ ;          }          result += "</tr></table></body></html>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/play" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showPlayers ( @ QueryParam ( "streamid" ) String streamId )              throws IOException {          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream: " + streamId                  + "</title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;          result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\"><a href=\"tiles\">Back</a></font><br/>" ;          result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          result += "<video poster=\"mjpeg/" + streamId + ".mjpeg\">"                  + "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/tiles" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showTiles ( @ DefaultValue ( "3" ) @ QueryParam ( "cols" ) int cols ,              @ DefaultValue ( "-1" ) @ QueryParam ( "width" ) float width )              throws IOException {          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players</title>" ;          result += "</head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;            result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          int videoNr = 0 ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              if ( videoNr > 0 && videoNr % cols == 0 ) {                  result += "</tr><tr>" ;              }              result += "<td><a href=\"play?streamid=" + id                      + "\"><img src=\"picture/" + id + ".jpeg\" "                      + ( width > 0 ? "width=\"" + width + "\"" : "" ) + "/></a>" ;              videoNr ++ ;          }          result += "</tr></table></body></html>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg" )      @ Produces ( "multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=--BoundaryString\r\n" )      public Response mjpeg ( @ PathParam ( "streamid" ) final String streamId ) {          StreamingOutput output = new StreamingOutput ( ) {              private BufferedImage prevImage = null ;              private int sleep = 1000 / frameRate ;                @ Override              public void write ( OutputStream outputStream ) throws IOException ,                      WebApplicationException {                  BufferedImage image = null ;                  try {                      while ( ( image = images . getIfPresent ( streamId ) ) != null )                          if ( prevImage == null || ! image . equals ( prevImage ) ) {                              ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ( ) ;                              ImageIO . write ( image , "jpg" , baos ) ;                              byte [ ] imageData = baos . toByteArray ( ) ;                              outputStream                                      . write ( ( "--BoundaryString\r\n"                                              + "Content-type: image/jpeg\r\n"                                              + "Content-Length: "                                              + imageData . length + "\r\n\r\n" )                                              . getBytes ( ) ) ;                              outputStream . write ( imageData ) ;                              outputStream . write ( "\r\n\r\n" . getBytes ( ) ) ;                              outputStream . flush ( ) ;                          }                          Thread . sleep ( sleep ) ;                      }                      outputStream . flush ( ) ;                      outputStream . close ( ) ;                  } catch ( IOException ioe ) {                      logger . info ( "Steam for [" + streamId                              + "] closed by client!" ) ;                  } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {                      e . printStackTrace ( ) ;                  }              }          } ;          return Response . ok ( output ) . header ( "Connection" , "close" )                  . header ( "Max-Age" , "0" ) . header ( "Expires" , "0" )                  . header ( "Cache-Control" , "no-cache, private" )                  . header ( "Pragma" , "no-cache" ) . build ( ) ;      } }

以上代碼參考自github上stormcv項目，項目地址爲：https://github.com/sensorstorm/StormCV, 感謝原做者。

至此，打開網頁 http://localhost:8558/streaming/tiles 便可查看到實時視頻。

方案二的具體實現

xuggle庫轉rtsp爲rtmp

rtsp的reader：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121

import org . slf4j . Logger ; import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . IMediaReader ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . MediaListenerAdapter ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . ToolFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . event . IVideoPictureEvent ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . ICodec ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . IContainer ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . IVideoPicture ;   /** * This class reads a video stream or file, decodes frames and transcode to rtmp stream * @author jkyan */ public class RTSPReader extends MediaListenerAdapter implements Runnable {      private Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( RTSPReader . class ) ;      private IMediaReader mediaReader ;      private int frameSkip ;      private int groupSize ;      private long frameNr ; // number of the frame read so far      private boolean running = false ;      // used to determine if the EOF was reached if Xuggler does not detect it      private long lastRead = - 1 ;      private int sleepTime = 0 ;        private String streamName ;      private String streamLocation = null ;      private RTMPWriter rtmpWriter = null ;      Double frameRate = 0.0 ;        // frameskip和groupsize決定了須要讀取的幀的數目，即採樣率，      // 例如，1,1時表明每一幀都須要讀取，10,5時表明只須要[0 1 2 3 4] [10 11 12 13 14] ...      public RTSPReader ( String streamName , String streamLocation ,          int frameSkip , int groupSize , int sleepTime ) {          this . streamLocation = streamLocation ;          this . frameSkip = Math . max ( 1 , frameSkip ) ;          this . groupSize = Math . max ( 1 , groupSize ) ;          this . sleepTime = sleepTime ;          this . streamName = streamName ;          lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) + 10000 ;      }        /**      * Start reading the provided URL      */      public void run ( ) {          running = true ;          while ( running ) {              try {                  // if a url was provided read it                  if ( streamLocation != null ) {                      logger . info ( "Start reading stream: " + streamLocation ) ;                      mediaReader = ToolFactory . makeReader ( streamLocation ) ;                      lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) + 10000 ;                      frameNr = 0 ;                      rtmpWriter = new RTMPWriter ( 576 , 704 , 30.0 , streamName ) ;                      mediaReader . addListener ( this ) ;                      while ( mediaReader . readPacket ( ) == null && running ) ;                      // reset internal state                      rtmpWriter . setFinish ( ) ;                      mediaReader . close ( ) ;                  } else {                      logger . error ( "No stream provided, nothing to read" ) ;                      break ;                  }              } catch ( Exception e ) {                  logger . warn ( "Stream closed unexpectatly: " + e . getMessage ( ) , e ) ;                  // sleep a minute and try to read the stream again                  sleep ( 60 * 1000 ) ;              }          }          running = false ;      }        public void sleep ( int ms ) {          try {              Thread . sleep ( ms ) ;          } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {              e . printStackTrace ( ) ;          }      }        /**      * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame      */      public void onVideoPicture ( IVideoPictureEvent event ) {          lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) ;          if ( frameNr % frameSkip < groupSize ) {              IVideoPicture picture = event . getPicture ( ) ;              rtmpWriter . write ( frameNr , picture ) ;              // enforced throttling              if ( sleepTime > 0 )                  sleep ( sleepTime ) ;          }          frameNr ++ ;      }        /**      * Tells the StreamReader to stop reading frames      */      public void stop ( ) {          running = false ;      }        /**      * Returns whether the StreamReader is still active or not      * @return      */      public boolean isRunning ( ) {          // kill this thread if the last frame read is to long ago          // (means Xuggler missed the EoF) and clear resources          if ( lastRead > 0 && System . currentTimeMillis ( ) - lastRead > 3000 ) {              running = false ;              if ( mediaReader != null && mediaReader . getContainer ( ) != null )                  mediaReader . getContainer ( ) . close ( ) ;              return this . running ;          }          return true ;      } }

rtmp服務器的搭建方法請參考這裏。

rtmp的writer：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75