採集rtsp流攝像頭到瀏覽器實時播放方案

本文旨在實現使用攝像頭採集視頻，而且能夠在網頁實時顯示，主要參考的兩篇博文爲： 
1.  視頻實時顯示的三種方案  
2.  使用WebSockets進行HTML5視頻直播  
咱們使用博文1介紹的第三種方案，將攝像頭採集到的視頻流使用ffmpeg進行編碼，而且將其推送給遠程服務器，在遠程服務器使用stream-server.js處理視頻流而且在網頁上顯示出來。因爲原博文介紹詳盡，本處再也不贅述。 
注意 ： 
1. 客戶端電腦中須要預先安裝ffmpeg，安裝方案谷歌便可。 

2. 博文1中第三種方案安裝nodejs過程當中sudo apt-get install node-legacy 應該改成sudo apt-get install nodejs-legacy。

最近在作一個流媒體的項目，項目中須要採集攝像頭的視頻流到網頁界面實時播放，通常ip攝像頭的流格式都是rtsp的，雖然能夠經過vlc實時播放，可是不如瀏覽器觀看給用戶的體驗簡單。

根據查找的資料和實際的實踐，目前發現的切實可行的方案有如下幾種（由於項目是採用java開發，所以下面的代碼也主要使用java實現）：

1. 使用xuggle庫直接解碼rtsp流，將解碼的一幀幀圖片發送給瀏覽器，使用html5的video播放mjpeg格式，即圖片的不斷刷新；

2. 使用xuggle庫直接解碼rtsp流，解碼結果直接發送給rtmp服務器，而後瀏覽器使用flash直接播放rtmp的視頻流；

3. ffmpeg直接解碼rtsp流，將解碼結果使用http發送到nodejs服務器，nodejs服務器使用websocket發送給客戶端，客戶端使用canvas實時繪製圖像；

下面詳細介紹這幾種方案。

FFmpeg和Xuggle的簡介

FFmpeg是一個自由軟件，能夠運行音頻和視頻多種格式的錄影、轉換、流功能，包含了libavcodec——這是一個用於多個項目中音頻和視頻的解碼器庫，以及libavformat——一個音頻與視頻格式轉換庫。
FFmpeg的安裝請參考：ubuntu上安裝ffmpeg

xuggle官網是一個開源的資源庫，可以讓開發者更好的去對視頻和音頻文件進行解碼、編碼、以及錄製等功能。xuggle是對ffmepg的封裝，是一套基於ffmpeg的開發庫。 使用很是方便。 在java中使用時，請在eclipse中導入其jar包。 xuggle-5.4-jar包下載

方案一的具體實現

xuggle讀取rtsp攝像頭的代碼以下：
import包以下：

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import com . xuggle . mediatool . IMediaReader ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . MediaListenerAdapter ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . ToolFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . event . IVideoPictureEvent ;

其中：streamLocation是須要讀取的rtsp地址

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mediaReader = ToolFactory . makeReader ( streamLocation ) ; mediaReader . setBufferedImageTypeToGenerate ( BufferedImage . TYPE_3BYTE _BGR） ; mediaReader . addListener ( this ) ; while ( mediaReader . readPacket ( ) == null && running ) ; mediaReader . close ( ) ;

上面這段代碼實現了rtsp的持續讀取，那麼讀取到的數據怎麼獲取，很簡單，實現如下的幀回調函數onVideoPicture便可。

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/** * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame */ public void onVideoPicture ( IVideoPictureEvent event ) {      BufferedImage frame = event . getImage ( ) ;      //stream是用戶自定義的rtsp視頻流的id，例如;streamId = this.hashcode()便可      images . put ( streamId , frame ) ;      frameNr ++ ; }

以上的images是使用guava庫的Cache創建的代碼以下：

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import com . google . common . cache . Cache ; import com . google . common . cache . CacheBuilder ;   private static Cache < String , BufferedImage > images = null ;

使用html5 video標籤+javax.ws.rs實現的網頁顯示代碼以下：

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import java . awt . image . BufferedImage ; import java . io . ByteArrayOutputStream ; import java . io . IOException ; import java . io . OutputStream ; import java . util . HashSet ; import java . util . Set ;   import javax . imageio . ImageIO ; import javax . ws . rs . DefaultValue ; import javax . ws . rs . GET ; import javax . ws . rs . Path ; import javax . ws . rs . PathParam ; import javax . ws . rs . Produces ; import javax . ws . rs . QueryParam ; import javax . ws . rs . WebApplicationException ; import javax . ws . rs . core . Application ; import javax . ws . rs . core . Response ; import javax . ws . rs . core . StreamingOutput ;   import org . slf4j . Logger ; import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ;   import com . google . common . cache . Cache ; import com . sun . jersey . api . container . httpserver . HttpServerFactory ; import com . sun . jersey . api . core . ApplicationAdapter ; import com . sun . net . httpserver . HttpServer ;   /** * A simple webservice used to view results MJPEG streams. * The webservice supports a number of calls different calls: * <ol> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/streams : lists the available JPG and MJPEG urls * </li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/picture/{streamid}.jpg : url to grab jpg * pictures</li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/tiles : provides a visual overview of all the * streams available at this service. Clicking an image will open the mjpeg * stream</li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg : provides a possibly * never ending mjpeg formatted stream</li> * </ol> * * The service runs on port 8558 by default but this can be changed by using the * port(int) method. * * @author Corne Versloot * */   @ Path ( "/streaming" ) public class MjpegStreamingOp extends Application {        private static Cache < String , BufferedImage > images = null ;      private Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( getClass ( ) ) ;      private HttpServer server ;      private int port = 8558 ;      private int frameRate = 20 ;    // this parameter decide the sleep time        public MjpegStreamingOp port ( int nr ) {          this . port = nr ;          return this ;      }        public MjpegStreamingOp framerate ( int nr ) {          this . frameRate = nr ;          return this ;      }        public void prepare ( ) throws IllegalArgumentException , IOException {          //此處須要修改成從rtsp讀進來的images存放的類          images = TCPClient . getImages ( ) ;          ApplicationAdapter connector = new ApplicationAdapter (                  new MjpegStreamingOp ( ) ) ;          server = HttpServerFactory . create ( "http://localhost:" + port + "/" ,                  connector ) ;          server . start ( ) ;      }        /**      * Sets the classes to be used as resources for this application      */      public Set < Class <? >> getClasses ( ) {          Set < Class <? > > s = new HashSet < Class < ? >> ( ) ;          s . add ( MjpegStreamingOp . class ) ;          return s ;      }        public void deactivate ( ) {          server . stop ( 0 ) ;          images . invalidateAll ( ) ;          images . cleanUp ( ) ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/streams" )      @ Produces ( "text/plain" )      public String getStreamIds ( ) throws IOException {          String result = new String ( ) ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              result += "/streaming/picture/" + id + ".jpeg\r\n" ;          }          System . out . println ( "\r\n" ) ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              result += "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\r\n" ;          }          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/picture/{streamid}.jpeg" )      @ Produces ( "image/jpg" )      public Response jpeg ( @ PathParam ( "streamid" ) final String streamId ) {          BufferedImage image = null ;          if ( ( image = images . getIfPresent ( streamId ) ) != null ) {              ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ( ) ;              try {                  ImageIO . write ( image , "jpg" , baos ) ;                  byte [ ] imageData = baos . toByteArray ( ) ;                  return Response . ok ( imageData ) . build ( ) ; // non streaming                  // return Response.ok(new                  // ByteArrayInputStream(imageDAta)).build(); // streaming              } catch ( IOException ioe ) {                  logger . warn ( "Unable to write image to output" , ioe ) ;                  return Response . serverError ( ) . build ( ) ;              }          } else {              return Response . noContent ( ) . build ( ) ;          }      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/playmultiple" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showPlayers ( @ DefaultValue ( "3" ) @ QueryParam ( "cols" ) int cols ,              @ DefaultValue ( "0" ) @ QueryParam ( "offset" ) int offset ,              @ DefaultValue ( "6" ) @ QueryParam ( "number" ) int number )              throws IOException {          // number = Math.min(6, number);          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players                         </title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;          result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\">Streams: " + images . size ( )                  + " (showing " + offset + " - "                  + Math . min ( images . size ( ) , offset + number ) + ")</font><br/>" ;          result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0;                    border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          int videoNr = 0 ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              if ( videoNr < offset ) {                  videoNr ++ ;                  continue ;              }              if ( videoNr - offset > 0 && ( videoNr - offset ) % cols == 0 ) {                  result += "</tr><tr>" ;              }              result += "<td><video poster=\"mjpeg/"                      + id                      + ".mjpeg\">"                      + "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video></td>" ;              // result +=              // "<td><img src=\"http://"+InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()                              + ":" + port + "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\"></td>" ;              if ( videoNr > offset + number )                  break ;              videoNr ++ ;          }          result += "</tr></table></body></html>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/play" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showPlayers ( @ QueryParam ( "streamid" ) String streamId )              throws IOException {          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream: " + streamId                  + "</title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;          result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\"><a href=\"tiles\">Back</a></font><br/>" ;          result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          result += "<video poster=\"mjpeg/" + streamId + ".mjpeg\">"                  + "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/tiles" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showTiles ( @ DefaultValue ( "3" ) @ QueryParam ( "cols" ) int cols ,              @ DefaultValue ( "-1" ) @ QueryParam ( "width" ) float width )              throws IOException {          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players</title>" ;          result += "</head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;            result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          int videoNr = 0 ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              if ( videoNr > 0 && videoNr % cols == 0 ) {                  result += "</tr><tr>" ;              }              result += "<td><a href=\"play?streamid=" + id                      + "\"><img src=\"picture/" + id + ".jpeg\" "                      + ( width > 0 ? "width=\"" + width + "\"" : "" ) + "/></a>" ;              videoNr ++ ;          }          result += "</tr></table></body></html>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg" )      @ Produces ( "multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=--BoundaryString\r\n" )      public Response mjpeg ( @ PathParam ( "streamid" ) final String streamId ) {          StreamingOutput output = new StreamingOutput ( ) {              private BufferedImage prevImage = null ;              private int sleep = 1000 / frameRate ;                @ Override              public void write ( OutputStream outputStream ) throws IOException ,                      WebApplicationException {                  BufferedImage image = null ;                  try {                      while ( ( image = images . getIfPresent ( streamId ) ) != null )                          if ( prevImage == null || ! image . equals ( prevImage ) ) {                              ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ( ) ;                              ImageIO . write ( image , "jpg" , baos ) ;                              byte [ ] imageData = baos . toByteArray ( ) ;                              outputStream                                      . write ( ( "--BoundaryString\r\n"                                              + "Content-type: image/jpeg\r\n"                                              + "Content-Length: "                                              + imageData . length + "\r\n\r\n" )                                              . getBytes ( ) ) ;                              outputStream . write ( imageData ) ;                              outputStream . write ( "\r\n\r\n" . getBytes ( ) ) ;                              outputStream . flush ( ) ;                          }                          Thread . sleep ( sleep ) ;                      }                      outputStream . flush ( ) ;                      outputStream . close ( ) ;                  } catch ( IOException ioe ) {                      logger . info ( "Steam for [" + streamId                              + "] closed by client!" ) ;                  } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {                      e . printStackTrace ( ) ;                  }              }          } ;          return Response . ok ( output ) . header ( "Connection" , "close" )                  . header ( "Max-Age" , "0" ) . header ( "Expires" , "0" )                  . header ( "Cache-Control" , "no-cache, private" )                  . header ( "Pragma" , "no-cache" ) . build ( ) ;      } }

以上代碼參考自github上stormcv項目，項目地址爲：https://github.com/sensorstorm/StormCV, 感謝原做者。

至此，打開網頁 http://localhost:8558/streaming/tiles 便可查看到實時視頻。

方案二的具體實現

xuggle庫轉rtsp爲rtmp

rtsp的reader：

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import org . slf4j . Logger ; import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . IMediaReader ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . MediaListenerAdapter ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . ToolFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . event . IVideoPictureEvent ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . ICodec ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . IContainer ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . IVideoPicture ;   /** * This class reads a video stream or file, decodes frames and transcode to rtmp stream * @author jkyan */ public class RTSPReader extends MediaListenerAdapter implements Runnable {      private Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( RTSPReader . class ) ;      private IMediaReader mediaReader ;      private int frameSkip ;      private int groupSize ;      private long frameNr ; // number of the frame read so far      private boolean running = false ;      // used to determine if the EOF was reached if Xuggler does not detect it      private long lastRead = - 1 ;      private int sleepTime = 0 ;        private String streamName ;      private String streamLocation = null ;      private RTMPWriter rtmpWriter = null ;      Double frameRate = 0.0 ;        // frameskip和groupsize決定了須要讀取的幀的數目，即採樣率，      // 例如，1,1時表明每一幀都須要讀取，10,5時表明只須要[0 1 2 3 4] [10 11 12 13 14] ...      public RTSPReader ( String streamName , String streamLocation ,          int frameSkip , int groupSize , int sleepTime ) {          this . streamLocation = streamLocation ;          this . frameSkip = Math . max ( 1 , frameSkip ) ;          this . groupSize = Math . max ( 1 , groupSize ) ;          this . sleepTime = sleepTime ;          this . streamName = streamName ;          lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) + 10000 ;      }        /**      * Start reading the provided URL      */      public void run ( ) {          running = true ;          while ( running ) {              try {                  // if a url was provided read it                  if ( streamLocation != null ) {                      logger . info ( "Start reading stream: " + streamLocation ) ;                      mediaReader = ToolFactory . makeReader ( streamLocation ) ;                      lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) + 10000 ;                      frameNr = 0 ;                      rtmpWriter = new RTMPWriter ( 576 , 704 , 30.0 , streamName ) ;                      mediaReader . addListener ( this ) ;                      while ( mediaReader . readPacket ( ) == null && running ) ;                      // reset internal state                      rtmpWriter . setFinish ( ) ;                      mediaReader . close ( ) ;                  } else {                      logger . error ( "No stream provided, nothing to read" ) ;                      break ;                  }              } catch ( Exception e ) {                  logger . warn ( "Stream closed unexpectatly: " + e . getMessage ( ) , e ) ;                  // sleep a minute and try to read the stream again                  sleep ( 60 * 1000 ) ;              }          }          running = false ;      }        public void sleep ( int ms ) {          try {              Thread . sleep ( ms ) ;          } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {              e . printStackTrace ( ) ;          }      }        /**      * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame      */      public void onVideoPicture ( IVideoPictureEvent event ) {          lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) ;          if ( frameNr % frameSkip < groupSize ) {              IVideoPicture picture = event . getPicture ( ) ;              rtmpWriter . write ( frameNr , picture ) ;              // enforced throttling              if ( sleepTime > 0 )                  sleep ( sleepTime ) ;          }          frameNr ++ ;      }        /**      * Tells the StreamReader to stop reading frames      */      public void stop ( ) {          running = false ;      }        /**      * Returns whether the StreamReader is still active or not      * @return      */      public boolean isRunning ( ) {          // kill this thread if the last frame read is to long ago          // (means Xuggler missed the EoF) and clear resources          if ( lastRead > 0 && System . currentTimeMillis ( ) - lastRead > 3000 ) {              running = false ;              if ( mediaReader != null && mediaReader . getContainer ( ) != null )                  mediaReader . getContainer ( ) . close ( ) ;              return this . running ;          }          return true ;      } }

rtmp服務器的搭建方法請參考這裏。

rtmp的writer：

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