MariaDB MyCat實現讀寫分離(15)

時間  2019-11-08
標籤 mariadb mycat 實現 讀寫 分離 简体版
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MariaDB數據庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支,主要由開源社區在維護,採用GPL受權許可MariaDB的目的是徹底兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,MySQL因爲如今閉源了,而能輕鬆成爲MySQL的代替品.在存儲引擎方面,使用XtraDB來代替MySQL的InnoDB,MariaDB由MySQL的創始人Michael Widenius主導開發,他早前曾以10億美圓的價格,將本身建立的公司MySQL AB賣給了SUN,此後,隨着SUN被甲骨文收購MySQL的全部權也落入Oracle的手中.MariaDB名稱來自MichaelWidenius的女兒Maria的名字.java

MyCat是一個完全開源的,面向企業應用開發的大數據庫集羣,支持事務、ACID、能夠替代MySQL的增強版數據庫,
其功能有能夠視爲MySQL集羣的企業級數據庫,用來替代昂貴的Oracle集羣.融合了內存緩存技術、NoSQL技術、HDFS大數據的新型SQLServer,結合傳統數據庫和新型分佈式數據倉庫的新一代企業級數據庫產品.

mysql

MyCat 讀寫分離

192.168.1.5  MyCat   Server

192.168.1.11 Master  主MariaDB
192.168.1.12 Slave1  從1
192.168.1.13 Slave2  從2

1.在配置讀寫分離前請確保你的主機有四臺,分別在每臺主機安裝MariaDB數據庫,並初始化,須要注意的是MyCat服務端的MariaDB不須要初始化.linux

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb

2.在MyCat服務端安裝JDK環境,因爲MyCat是使用Java開發的,在這裏咱們要先配置一下JDK環境.web

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171/ /usr/local/jdk
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

#------------------------------------------------------------------
#JAVA-JDK-PATH
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_171"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)

3.此步驟須要進入每個數據庫建立受權用戶,也就是給MyCAT準備的使用數據庫的受權用戶.sql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database MyCatDB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on MyCatDB.* to "MyCat"@"%" identified by "123123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on MyCatDB.* to "MyCat"@"localhost" identified by "123123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4.解壓MyCat工具,並修改MyCat用戶受權文件,寫入MyCat登錄帳戶,這裏配置文件有不少選項,咱們不須要動,只須要修改如下幾個地方就行.數據庫

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.5/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml

        <user name="root" defaultAccount="true">            #指定MyCat登錄用戶名
                <property name="password">123456</property>     #指定密碼
                <property name="schemas">MyCatDB</property>     #指定同步數據庫
        </user>

        <user name="user">                      #指定MyCat登錄用戶名
                <property name="password">123456</property>     #指定密碼
                <property name="schemas">MyCatDB</property>     #指定同步數據庫
                <property name="readOnly">true</property>       #指定只讀
        </user>

5.修改MyCat讀寫分離策略,這裏咱們刪除源文件,並本身建立一個,寫入如下內容.apache

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

<schema name="MyCatDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn_test"> </schema>
<dataNode name="dn_test" dataHost="localhost" database="MyCatDB" />

<dataHost name="localhost" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
                
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
                <writeHost host="Master1" url="192.168.1.11:3306" user="MyCat" password="123123">           #配置寫主機
                <readHost host="Slave1" url="192.168.1.12:3306" user="MyCat" password="123123" />           #配置讀主機
        <readHost host="Slave2" url="192.168.1.13:3306" user="MyCat" password="123123" />           #配置讀主機
                </writeHost>
        </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

6.啓動MyCat若無報錯則說明啓動成功,查看端口看虛擬端口是否開啓成功.vim

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -an |grep "9066"                 #虛擬schema管理端口
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -an |grep "8066"                 #虛擬schema登錄端口

7.在MyCat服務主機登錄數據庫,測試同步效果.緩存

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 9066

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.5-release-20180122220033 MyCat Server (monitor)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;                                                       #RS_CODE爲1表示心跳正常
+---------+-------+--------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME    | TYPE  | HOST         | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME    | STOP  |
+---------+-------+--------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| Master1 | mysql | 192.168.1.11 | 3306 |      -1 |     0 | idle   |       0 | 0,16,16      | 2018-12-21 01:29:43 | false |
| Slave1  | mysql | 192.168.1.12 | 3306 |      -1 |     0 | idle   |       0 | 34,31,31     | 2018-12-21 01:29:43 | false |
| Slave2  | mysql | 192.168.1.13 | 3306 |      -1 |     0 | idle   |       0 | 1,16,16      | 2018-12-21 01:29:43 | false |
+---------+-------+--------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> show @@datasource;                                                      #查看讀寫分離的機器配置狀況
+----------+---------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| DATANODE | NAME    | TYPE  | HOST         | PORT | W/R  | ACTIVE | IDLE | SIZE | EXECUTE | READ_LOAD | WRITE_LOAD |
+----------+---------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| dn_test  | Master1 | mysql | 192.168.1.11 | 3306 | W    |      0 |    0 | 1000 |       0 |         0 |          0 |
| dn_test  | Slave1  | mysql | 192.168.1.12 | 3306 | R    |      0 |    0 | 1000 |       0 |         0 |          0 |
| dn_test  | Slave2  | mysql | 192.168.1.13 | 3306 | R    |      0 |    0 | 1000 |       0 |         0 |          0 |
+----------+---------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

8.登陸MyCat代理端,測試讀寫分離服務.bash

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P 8066

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.5-release-20180122220033 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| MyCatDB  |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>


Web監控頁配置

1.首先咱們先來下載MyCat以及Zookeeper.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www-eu.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.12/zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/mycat-web-1.0/Mycat-web-1.0-SNAPSHOT-20170102153329-linux.tar.gz

2.在MyCat服務端安裝JDK環境,因爲MyCat是使用Java開發的,在這裏咱們要先配置一下JDK環境.

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171/ /usr/local/jdk
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

#------------------------------------------------------------------
#JAVA-JDK-PATH
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_171"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)

3.配置MariaDB開啓lower_case_table_names選項,每臺都要開啓.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names = 1

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

4.安裝zookeeper,其主要用來統計數據.

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.12/conf/
[root@localhost ~]# cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# vim zoo.cfg

dataDir=/usr/local/...
dataLogDir=/usr/local/...

5.運行zookeeper

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.12/bin/
[root@localhost ~]# ./zkServer.sh start
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ant | grep 2181
tcp  0    0 :::2181       :::*           LISTEN 

若是出現錯誤：nohup: failed to run command `java’: No such file or directory
能夠在zkServer.sh中的首行添加以下代碼

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

6.最後一步,安裝並運行Mycat-Web

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf Mycat-web-1.0-SNAPSHOT-20170102153329-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mycat-web
[root@localhost ~]# ./start.sh &
[root@localhost ~]# netstat  -an | grep "8082"
tcp  0    0 :::8082       :::*           LISTEN 

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://localhost:8082/mycat
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