RMAN備份策略與異機恢復一例

實驗環境：
A機器（生產用途）：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 + IP Address 192.168.1.11
B機器（備機用途）：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 + IP Address 192.168.1.61

需求：
A機器RMAN備份完成後自動傳輸備份文件到B機器。防止A機器自己硬件Crash沒法恢復形成核心數據庫沒法恢復的窘境。並且在B機器能夠將數據異機恢復到任意時間點。

注意：由於要求備份完畢後直接腳本命令自動傳輸到異機備份目錄，因此須要預先配置好到B機器的SSH無密碼登陸。

1.定時任務：

• 每週日1點數據庫全備
• 天天8點備份歸檔

[ora11204@OEL-ASM scripts]$ crontab -l
0 1 * * 0 /u01/orabak/scripts/backup.sh /u01/orabak
0 8 * * * /u01/orabak/scripts/backuparch.sh /u01/orabak

2.腳本內容：

• 全備腳本：vi backup.sh

#!/bin/bash
#ENV
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

#backup RMAN 
if [ ! -d "$1" ]; then
        echo "You have input no dir for \$1"
        exit 1
fi

echo "=================================================================================" >>${1}/backup_full.log
echo "Begin backup at : `date`" >> ${1}/backup_full.log
rman target / <<EOF >> ${1}/backup_full.log
run {
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY = 2;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
backup as compressed backupset database format '${1}/FULLBAK_%d_%T_%s_%p.DBFILE'; 
backup current controlfile format '${1}/%d.%s.%p.%T.CTL';
backup spfile format '${1}/%d.%s.%p.%T.SPFILE';
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck copy;
sql "alter system archive log current";
backup as COMPRESSED backupset archivelog all not backed up format '${1}/%d.%s.%p.%T.ARC';
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-10';
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
}
exit
EOF
echo "End backup at : `date`" >>${1}/backup_full.log

echo "Begin scp at : `date`" >>${1}/backup_full.log
scp ${1}/*`date +%Y%m%d`* oracle@192.168.1.61:/tmp/
echo "End scp at : `date`" >>${1}/backup_full.log
echo "=================================================================================" >>${1}/backup_full.log

exit 0

• 歸檔備份腳本：vi backuparch.sh
  這裏只是去掉全備的命令，其餘保留。

#!/bin/bash
#ENV
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

#backup RMAN 
if [ ! -d "$1" ]; then
        echo "You have input no dir for \$1"
        exit 1
fi

echo "=================================================================================" >>${1}/backup_arch.log
echo "Begin backup at : `date`" >> ${1}/backup_arch.log
rman target / <<EOF >> ${1}/backup_arch.log
run {
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY = 2;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
backup current controlfile format '${1}/%d.%s.%p.%T.CTL';
backup spfile format '${1}/%d.%s.%p.%T.SPFILE';
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck copy;
sql "alter system archive log current";
backup as COMPRESSED backupset archivelog all not backed up format '${1}/%d.%s.%p.%T.ARC';
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-10';
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
}
exit
EOF
echo "End backup at : `date`" >>${1}/backup_arch.log

echo "Begin scp at : `date`" >>${1}/backup_arch.log
scp ${1}/*`date +%Y%m%d`*.{CTL,SPFILE,ARC} oracle@192.168.1.61:/tmp/
echo "End scp at : `date`" >>${1}/backup_arch.log
echo "=================================================================================" >>${1}/backup_arch.log

exit 0

注意：這裏的通配只是知足去掉全備的備份傳輸，對於歸檔日誌，控制文件和參數文件的備份並無作進一步區分（若是你的歸檔文件很大，還須要進一步設計細分）

3.異機恢復：

異機恢復核心步驟：
3.1 參數文件：

$ strings ORCL.24.1.20180619.SPFILE

[oracle@jystdrac1 orcl]$ pwd
/u01/oradata/orcl
[oracle@jystdrac1 orcl]$ vi pfile.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/arch'
*.memory_target=1234173952
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'


SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/oradata/orcl/pfile.ora';
ORACLE instance started.

3.2 控制文件：

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/tmp/ORCL.23.1.20180619.CTL';
RMAN> alter database mount;
RMAN> catalog start with '/tmp/';
RMAN> crosscheck backup;

3.3 轉儲文件並恢復到指定時間點：

RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> sql "alter session set nls_date_format=''yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss''";
RMAN> recover database until time '2018-06-19 17:50:00';

--先只讀打開確認數據是否符合要求
SQL> alter database open read only; 

--確認沒問題後從新以resetlogs方式打開
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/oradata/orcl/pfile.ora';
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

至此，RMAN備份策略與異機恢復實例演示完成。