Linux命令：nginx及php和mysql安裝使用

首先下載mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> get mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

314592758 bytes transferred in 28 seconds (10.66M/s)                                              

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> quit

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Downloads      Music     Pictures   Videos   install.log     mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz   nginx-1.4.1      Templates

[root@lamp ~]# du -lh mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

301Mmysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local 

#解壓縮，-C指定解壓縮目錄

[root@lamp ~]# ls /usr/local/

bin  games    lib     mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64  share

etc  include  lib64  lost+found  sbin                               

[root@lamp ~]# mkdir /mydata/data -pv  #-pv遞歸建立/mydata/data目錄

mkdir: created directory `/mydata'

mkdir: created directory `/mydata/data'

[root@lamp ~]# useradd -r mysql  #新增mysql用戶，-r指定建立的爲系統用戶，不做爲登陸用戶

[root@lamp ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data  #更改屬主和屬組 -R指目錄下的全部子文件

都一同更改屬主和屬組。

[root@lamp ~]# cd /usr/local

[root@lamp local]# ln -sv mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql  #建立軟連接

`mysql' -> `mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64'

[root@lamp local]# cd mysql

[root@lamp mysql]# ll

total 68

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:23 bin

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel 17987 Mar  3  2016 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 data

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 docs

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:23 include

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 lib

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  2496 Mar  3  2016 README

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 share

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Apr 16 15:24 support-files

[root@lamp mysql]# chown -R root.mysql ./*  #-R遞歸更改屬主和屬組

[root@lamp mysql]# ll

total 68

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:23 bin

-rw-r--r--.  1 root mysql 17987 Mar  3  2016 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 data

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 docs

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:23 include

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 lib

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--.  1 root mysql  2496 Mar  3  2016 README

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 28 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 share

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root mysql  4096 Apr 16 15:24 support-files

[root@lamp mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data

#初始化數據庫，指定數據庫用戶--user=mysql，指定數據目錄--datadir=/mydata/data

Installing MySQL system tables...2017-04-16 16:01:37 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-04-16 16:01:37 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.30) starting as process 11891 ...

2017-04-16 16:01:37 11891 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2017-04-16 16:01:37 11891 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2017-04-16 16:01:37 11891 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

....................................

Filling help tables...2017-04-16 16:01:42 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-04-16 16:01:42 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.30) starting as process 11913 ...

2017-04-16 16:01:42 11913 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2017-04-16 16:01:42 11913 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2017-04-16 16:01:42 11913 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

2017-04-16 16:01:42 11913 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

2017-04-16 16:01:42 11913 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2017-04-16 16:01:42 11913 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

..........................................

WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system

This file will be read by default by the MySQL server

If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the

--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server  #初始化完成

[root@lamp mysql]# vim my.cnf #編輯配置文件，在文檔最後增長以下紅色框內容

[root@lamp mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 

複製mysqld啓動腳本至/etc/init.d路徑中

[root@lamp mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@lamp mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

mysqld         0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off

[root@lamp mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on

[root@lamp mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

mysqld         0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off

[root@lamp mysql]# service mysqld start  #啓用mysqld服務

Starting MySQL....                             [  OK  ] 

[root@lamp mysql]# netstat -tlnp  #查看監聽的端口

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address    Foreign Address    State   PID/Program name 

tcp   0   0 0.0.0.0:111    0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN      1369/rpcbind        

tcp   0   0 0.0.0.0:80     0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN      7277/nginx.conf     

tcp   0   0 0.0.0.0:59282   0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN      1436/rpc.statd      

tcp   0   0 0.0.0.0:22     0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN      1659/sshd           

tcp   0   0 127.0.0.1:631   0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN      1532/cupsd          

tcp   0   0 127.0.0.1:25   0.0.0.0:*       LISTEN      1735/master         

tcp   0   0 :::3306         :::*       LISTEN      12224/mysqld        

tcp   0   0 :::111         :::*        LISTEN     1369/rpcbind        

tcp   0   0 :::22         :::*         LISTEN      1659/sshd           

tcp   0   0 ::1:631        :::*        LISTEN      1532/cupsd          

tcp   0   0 :::35043       :::*         LISTEN      1436/rpc.statd   

[root@lamp mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  #啓動mysql客戶端

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)  #提示mysql.sock出錯，解決方法以下圖,在配置文檔中定義sock文件路徑

[root@lamp mysql]# pwd

/usr/local/mysql

[root@lamp mysql]# vim my.cnf 

[root@lamp mysql]# service mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL..                                 [  OK  ]

Starting MySQL.                                     [  OK  ]

[root@lamp mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql #再次啓動mysql客戶端，正常開啓。

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.6.30-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> \q

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf #新建mysql庫路徑文件，使得系統可以識別到

 /usr/local/mysql/lib       #新增該行內容

[root@lamp ~]# ldconfig -v   #通知系統從新讀取庫文件，-v顯示重讀過程

............

libxklavier.so.15 -> libxklavier.so.15.0.0

liblcms.so.1 -> liblcms.so.1.0.19

/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)

/usr/lib64/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)

/usr/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)

[root@lamp ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql #建立mysql的頭文件目錄連接，

使得能夠直接輸出頭文件

"/usr/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include"

[root@lamp ~]# ls /usr/include/mysql/

decimal.h   my_attribute.h  my_global.h   mysqld_ername.h  my_sys.h             

my_alloc.h  my_getopt.h     mysql_com.h   mysql_version.h  sql_common.h

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

至此MySQL已經安裝配置完成。

首先下載安裝PHP-5.4.13

[root@lamp mysql]# lftp test@10.109.134.247

Password: 

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> get php-5.4.13.tar.bz2 

11545777 bytes transferred                              

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> quit

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  nginx-1.4.1  Templates

Desktop   install.log.syslog   php-5.4.13.tar.bz2  Videos

[root@lamp ~]# tar xf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2

[root@lamp ~]# cd php-5.4.13

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-curl

#編譯php,指定php安裝目錄--prefix=/usr/local/php 關聯mysql安裝的目錄--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql等支持各類功能。

checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E

checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed

checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

checking for cc... cc

.......................

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| License:                                                           |

| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |

| distribution in the file LICENSE.  By continuing this installation |

| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |

| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |

| the installation process at this point.                            |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

config.status: creating php5.spec

config.status: creating main/build-defs.h

config.status: creating scripts/phpize

config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1

config.status: creating scripts/php-config

config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1

config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1

config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf

config.status: creating sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm

config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service

config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.8

config.status: creating sapi/fpm/status.html

config.status: creating main/php_config.h

config.status: executing default commands

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# make && make install  #編譯安裝

Installing PHP CLI binary:        /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing PHP CLI man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

Installing PHP FPM binary:        /usr/local/php/sbin/

Installing PHP FPM config:        /usr/local/php/etc/

Installing PHP FPM man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man8/

Installing PHP FPM status page:      /usr/local/php/php/fpm/

Installing PHP CGI binary:        /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing build environment:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/build/

Installing header files:          /usr/local/php/include/php/

Installing helper programs:       /usr/local/php/bin/

  program: phpize

  program: php-config

Installing man pages:             /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

  page: phpize.1

  page: php-config.1

Installing PEAR environment:      /usr/local/php/lib/php/

[PEAR] Archive_Tar    - installed: 1.3.7

[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.3.0

[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0.4

[PEAR] XML_Util       - installed: 1.2.1

[PEAR] PEAR           - installed: 1.9.4

Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.conf

You may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path

/root/php-5.4.13/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin

ln -s -f /usr/local/php/bin/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar

Installing PDO headers:          /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini #爲php提供配置文件

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/

[root@lamp etc]# ls

pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default

[root@lamp etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf  #爲php-fpm提供配置文件

[root@lamp etc]# vim php-fpm.conf  #編輯配置文件，修改內容如圖：

[root@lamp etc]# cd -  #進入上一次所在目錄

/root/php-5.4.13 

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# pwd

/root/php-5.4.13

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm  #複製啓動腳本

至/etc/init.d路徑下

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm #給執行權限

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# chkconfig --add php-fpm  #把服務添加至開機啓動列表

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# chkconfig --list php-fpm  #查看php-fpm服務是否開機自動啓動

php-fpm         0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# service php-fpm start  #啓動php-fpm服務

Starting php-fpm  done

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# netstat -tlnp  #查看監聽端口

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address   Foreign Address   State     PID/Program name   

tcp   0    0 127.0.0.1:9000       0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN    23060/php-fpm.conf) 

tcp   0    0 0.0.0.0:111         0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN    1369/rpcbind       tcp   0    0 0.0.0.0:80         0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN     7277/nginx.conf     

tcp   0   0 0.0.0.0:59282        0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN      1436/rpc.statd    

tcp   0   0 0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN      1659/sshd     

tcp   0   0 :::3306             :::*       LISTEN      13345/mysqld  

tcp   0   0 :::22              :::*       LISTEN      1659/sshd    

[root@lamp php-5.4.13]# cd /etc/nginx

[root@lamp nginx]# ls

fastcgi.conf   koi-utf    nginx.conf    uwsgi_params

fastcgi.conf.default    koi-win    nginx.conf.default   uwsgi_params.default

fastcgi_params     mime.types     scgi_params      win-utf

fastcgi_params.default  mime.types.default  scgi_params.default

[root@lamp nginx]# ps aux  #查看系統進程，php-fpm是否一啓動就開啓了8個子進程

（php-fpm配置文檔中設置一啓動php-fpm進程就啓動8個子進程）

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

postfix  23030  0.0  0.1  62052  2680 ? S    08:36   0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u

root    23060  0.0  0.2 107460  4564 ? Ss   08:45   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/e

nobody   23061  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www

nobody   23062  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www   

nobody   23063  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www  

nobody   23064  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www  

nobody   23065  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www

nobody   23066  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www 

nobody  23067  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S   08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www      

nobody   23068  0.0  0.1 107460  3728 ?  S  08:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www   

[root@lamp nginx]# vim nginx.conf  #編輯nginx配置文件，啓用php功能，以下圖：

[root@lamp nginx]# vim fastcgi_params  #編輯fastcgi配置文檔，刪除該文檔以前的內容

新增如下內容，保存並退出：

  fastcgi_param   GATEWAY_INTERFACE     CGI/1.1;

  fastcgi_param   SERVER_SOFTWARE      nginx;

  fastcgi_param   QUERY_STRING        $query_string;

  fastcgi_param   REQUEST_METHOD       $request_method;

  fastcgi_param   CONTENT_TYPE        $content_type;

  fastcgi_param   CONTENT_LENGTH       $content_length;

  fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME      $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

  fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME         $fastcgi_script_name;

  fastcgi_param   REQUEST_URI         $request_uri;

  fastcgi_param   DOCUMENT_URI        $document_uri;

  fastcgi_param   DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;

  fastcgi_param   SERVER_PROTOCOL      $server_protocol;

  fastcgi_param   REMOTE_ADDR         $remote_addr;

  fastcgi_param   REMOTE_PORT         $remote_port;

  fastcgi_param   SERVER_ADDR         $server_addr;

  fastcgi_param   SERVER_PORT         $server_port;

  fastcgi_param   SERVER_NAME         $server_name;

[root@lamp nginx]# nginx -t  #檢測nginx配置文檔是否有語法錯誤

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@lamp nginx]# service nginx reload  #從新加載nginx服務

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

Reloading nginx:                                [  OK  ]

[root@lamp nginx]# cd /usr/html

[root@lamp html]# ls

50x.html  index.html

[root@lamp html]# mv index.html index.back  #修改默認網頁文件名稱

[root@lamp html]# vim index.php  #新建.php網頁文件，內容以下：

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

[root@lamp html]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf #把index.php默認主頁的格式加入到配置文檔

在瀏覽器中輸入IP訪問測試以下：

必須給nginx安裝xcache緩存加速

mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz下載地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1skJOITZ

php-5.4.13.tar.bz2下載地址：http://us3.php.net/distributions/php-5.4.13.tar.bz2