之前因爲R
命令行傳參不友好,常常嵌套在其餘程序語言(如Perl/Python
)中來進行傳參,但如今也陸續有一些方式來實現R
的傳參了,這裏簡單羅列下。html
方法一
最傳統的方法就是使用系統自帶的commandArgs
函數,直接按位置順序傳入。這種方法簡短、快速,適合我的使用。通常也能知足咱們的需求了,但對於其餘用戶是不夠友好的。git
#test.R args=commandArgs(T) file=read.table(args[1]) ... #command line $Rscript test.R file
方法二
使用getopt
包,參數形式爲:github
getopt( spec = NULL, opt = commandArgs(TRUE), command = get_Rscript_filename(), usage = FALSE, debug = FALSE )
說明: spec是一個4-5
列的矩陣,裏面包括了參數信息,前四列是必須的,第五列可選。express
- 第一列:參數的
longname
,多個字符。 - 第二列:參數的
shortname
,一個字符。 - 第三列:參數是必須的,仍是可選的,數字:
0
表明不接參數 ;1
表明必須有參數;2
表明參數可選。 - 第四列:參數的類型。
logical;integer;double;complex;character;numeric
- 第五列:註釋信息,可選。
應用示例:函數
library(getopt) # 構建參數矩陣 library(getopt) spec = matrix(c( 'verbose', 'v', 2, "integer", 'help' , 'h', 0, "logical", 'count' , 'c', 1, "integer", 'mean' , 'm', 1, "double",), byrow=TRUE, ncol=4) #傳參 opt = getopt(spec)
以個人數據做爲例子,部分腳本以下:url
library(getopt) command=matrix(c("exp","e",1,"character", "ko","k",1,"character", "cazy","z",1,"character", "cog","c",1,"character", "help","h",0,"logical"),byrow=T,ncol=4) args=getopt(command) #幫助信息 if (!is.null(args$help) || is.null(args$exp) || is.null(args$ko) || is.null(args$cazy)|| is.null(args$cog)) { cat(paste(getopt(command, usage = T), "\n")) q() } #讀入參數 exp <- readr::read_delim(args$exp,delim = "\t") ko <- readr::read_delim(args$ko,delim = "\t",comment = '#',col_names=F) cazy <- readr::read_delim(args$cazy,delim = '\t') cog <- readr::read_delim(args$cog,delim = '\t') ......
命令行運行: 幫助spa
$Rscript getopt_test.R -h Usage: getopt_test.R [-[-exp|e] <character>] [-[-ko|k] <character>] [-[-cazy|z] <character>] [-[-cog|c] <character>] [-[-help|h]]
運行.net
$ Rscript getopt_test.R --exp protein.xls --ko test.ko --cazy cazy.anno --cog protein2cog.xls
##方法三 使用GetoptLong
包。這是由大佬Zuguang Gu開發(就是開發ComplexHeatmap 和circlize的那位),借用了Perl GetoptLong
模塊的傳參形式,用法也幾乎同樣。命令行
GetoptLong(..., help = TRUE, version = TRUE, envir = parent.frame(), argv_str = NULL, head = NULL, foot = NULL, script_name = NULL)
能夠看下他提供的例子: https://github.com/jokergoo/GetoptLong https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/GetoptLong/versions/0.1.7/topics/GetoptLongdebug
#r script library(GetoptLong) cutoff = 0.05 #default GetoptLong( "number=i", "Number of items, integer, mandatory option", "cutoff=f", "cutoff to filter results, optional, default (0.05)", "verbose", "print messages" ) #Then you can call the script from command line either by: $ Rscript foo.R --number 4 --cutoff 0.01 --verbose $Rscript foo.R -n 4 -c 0.01 -v $ Rscript foo.R -n 4 --verbose
以我本身的數據爲例。部分R腳本以下:
suppressMessages(library(GetoptLong)) suppressMessages(library(tidyverse)) GetoptLong( "expression=s", "protein expression matrix", "ko=s", "ko annotation outcome", "cazy=s", "cazy annotation outcome", "cog=s", "cog annotation outcome", "verbose!","print messages" ) #讀入參數 exp <- readr::read_delim(expression,delim = "\t") ko <- readr::read_delim(ko,delim = "\t",comment = '#',col_names=F) cazy <- readr::read_delim(cazy,delim = '\t') cog <- readr::read_delim(cog,delim = '\t')
命令行運行會自動生成幫助文檔。
$ Rscript test.R --help Usage: Rscript function_summary.R [options] --expression character protein expression matrix --ko character ko annotation outcome --cazy character cazy annotation outcome --cog character cog annotation outcome --verbose print messages --help Print help message and exit. --version Print version information and exit.
長參傳入:
$Rscript test.R --expression protein.xls --ko test.ko --cazy cazy.anno --cog protein2cog.xls
短參傳入: 若是全部參數的首字母不一樣,用首字母便可;若是有些參數名稱近似,則最好用多個字母,不然會辨別不了。 好比我這裏的cog
和cazy
參數,首字母相同,明顯不能都用c
,我把其中一個改爲大寫的C
也辨別不了;其中一個用一個首字母,另外一個用兩個首字母也不行。用co
和ca
就能夠了。因此參數的名字必定要明顯區分開來。
$ Rscript test.R -e protein.xls -k test.ko -c cazy.anno -C protein2cog.xls Option c is ambiguous (cazy, cog) Option c is ambiguous (cazy, cog) Usage: Rscript test.R [options] --expression character protein expression matrix --ko character ko annotation outcome --cazy character cazy annotation outcome --Cog character cog annotation outcome --verbose print messages --help Print help message and exit. --version Print version information and exit.
這個就能夠了
$ Rscript test.R -e protein.xls -k test.ko -ca cazy.anno -co protein2cog.xls
Ref: https://www.cnblogs.com/timeisbiggestboss/p/7811009.html https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/GetoptLong/versions/0.1.7/topics/GetoptLong