Oracle數據庫：啓動操做

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一、切換到oracle用戶，登錄到數據庫

[root@localhost Desktop]# su - oracle    # 切換到oracle用戶
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus  / as sysdba        # 以dba身份登陸到數據庫
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jun 22 19:51:58 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.     #  這裏代表，數據庫還未啓動，須要啓動數據庫

二、啓動數據庫

SYS> startup    # 啓動數據庫
ORACLE instance started.   #  實例啓動
Total System Global Area  795127808 bytes     # 分配內存等操做
Fixed Size    1339456 bytes
Variable Size  503320512 bytes
Database Buffers  285212672 bytes
Redo Buffers    5255168 bytes
Database mounted.    #  數據庫掛載
Database opened.     #  數據庫打開

三、打開數據庫，有哪些命令，如何操做呢！下面就是命令索引

SYS> help index   # 顯示全部相關命令
Enter Help [topic] for help.
 @             COPY         PAUSE                    SHUTDOWN
 @@            DEFINE       PRINT                    SPOOL
 /             DEL          PROMPT                   SQLPLUS
 ACCEPT        DESCRIBE     QUIT                     START
 APPEND        DISCONNECT   RECOVER                  STARTUP
 ARCHIVE LOG   EDIT         REMARK                   STORE
 ATTRIBUTE     EXECUTE      REPFOOTER                TIMING
 BREAK         EXIT         REPHEADER                TTITLE
 BTITLE        GET          RESERVED WORDS (SQL)     UNDEFINE
 CHANGE        HELP         RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL)  VARIABLE
 CLEAR         HOST         RUN                      WHENEVER OSERROR
 COLUMN        INPUT        SAVE                     WHENEVER SQLERROR
 COMPUTE       LIST         SET                      XQUERY
 CONNECT       PASSWORD     SHOW
SYS> help shutdown    #  這裏以shutdown爲列，查看命令幫助
 SHUTDOWN
 --------
 Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally
 closing and dismounting a database.
 SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]

四、查看相關用戶是否被鎖，以及如何解鎖

SYS> desc dba_users;    # 全部帳戶信息存在這張表中，可用desc查看錶結構
SYS> select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users;  # 查看用戶名和狀態......
SYS> alter user SCOTT identified by tiger account unlock;  # 解鎖用戶，設置密碼
User altered.

五、測試用戶是否可用

SYS> conn scott/tiger   # 用conn來切換用戶
Connected.
SCOTT> show user;    # 如今當前是哪一個用戶
USER is "SCOTT"

六、查看當前用戶下，有哪些表

SCOTT> select * from tab;    # 存在tab表中 

七、重複執行上一條命令，用run 或 /

SCOTT> run

八、將命令報錯到一個文件，默認只能保存1條

SCOTT> save 2.sql  # 用save命令保存
Created file 2.sql
SCOTT> @2.sql  # 調用文件用 @

九、顯然只保存1條命令沒法知足需求，下面是多條：spool

SCOTT> spool 3.txt   #  打開，並保存到指定文件
SCOTT> select * from tab;   #  執行幾條查詢語句
SCOTT> select * from emp;
SCOTT> spool off   # 關閉spool

十、查看文件，並查看內容

SCOTT> host ls   # 調用系統命令：用host，默認保存文件，都存放在當前目錄
1.sql  2.sql  3.txt  afiedt.buf  db.rsp
SCOTT> host cat 2.sql  # 查看內容

十一、斷開鏈接，用disc

SCOTT> disc
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing option

十二、關閉數據庫：shutdown

> conn / as sysdba  # 以dba用戶身份登陸
Connected.
SYS> shutdown immediate;  # 當即關閉數據庫，沒有commit的回滾
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

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