Mac平臺上OpenCV開發環境搭建

今天大部分時間都是在琢磨如何在Mac OS X上進行OpenCV項目的開發,嘗試的開發工具備Xcode(版本是4.6.1)和Eclipse,使用的OpenCV版本是2.4.6。html

若是隻是須要OpenCV的相關頭文件以及動態庫,請直接執行brew install opencv(若是安裝了Homebrew的話),若是不行,請看下面的OpenCV源碼編譯安裝過程。linux

1.安裝CMake

安裝CMake可使用MacPorts,也可使用Homebrew,若是之前安裝過二者中的任何一個就用那個進行安裝吧,我用的是Homebrew,推薦使用Homebrew,真正的「佳釀」,命令以下:c++

sudo port install cmake //macports
sudo brew install cmake //homebrew

2.編譯OpenCV

OpenCV下載地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/git

目前最新版本是2.4.8,我使用的是2.4.6,下載後解壓,執行下面代碼:github

cd <path-to-opencv-source>
mkdir release
cd release
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .. 
make
sudo make install

[完成以後在/usr/local/include目錄下便有了opencvopencv2兩個目錄,在/usr/local/lib目錄下有不少的opencv相關的動態庫,例如libopencv_core.dylib等等,還有幾個其餘的文件,它們都存放在/usr/local目錄下]shell

[注1:若是不須要了,想要卸載 OpenCV的話,能夠回到release目錄,執行sudo make uninstall,而後手動刪除一些/usr/local下與OpenCV有關的目錄和文件]xcode

[注2:若是不想把OpenCV安裝在默認的/usr/local/目錄下的話,例如爲了防止Homebrew中對opencv部分的報錯,而又沒法使用Homebrew正常安裝opencv的狀況下,能夠考慮將opencv安裝到其餘的位置,修改CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local便可,可是在Eclipse中的項目中可能會出現問題,詳情看後面]ide

其餘參考內容:工具

Building OpenCV from Source Using CMake, Using the Command Line開發工具

Installing OpenCV

3.使用Xcode進行OpenCV項目開發

1.Open Xcode, choose New -> New Project -> Command Line Tool

2.Name it and select C++ for type

3.Click on your project from the left menu. Click the build settings tab from the top. Filter all. Scroll to Search Paths. Under header search paths, for debug and release, set the path to /usr/local/include. Under library search paths, set the path to $(PROJECT_DIR). Finally, check if C++ standard library is libstdc++ or not, if not, change it to this!

4.Click on your project from the left menu. File->New->New Group, Name the group OpenCV Frameworks.

5.Select the folder (group) you just labeled, OpenCV Frameworks in the left menu. Go to File -> add Files, Type /, which will allow you to manually go to a folder. Go to -> /usr/local/lib

6.Select both of these files, libopencv_core.dylib, libopencv_highgui.dylib, and click Add. (you may need to add other library files from this folder to run other code.)

7.You must include this line of code in the beginning of your main.cpp file:
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

能夠修改main.cpp,代碼以下,運行結果就是顯示一張指定的圖片。

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Mat image;
    image = imread("/Users/hujiawei/Pictures/others/other_naicha/naicha.jpg", 1);
    namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("Display Image", image);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

其餘參考內容:

C++ linking error after upgrading to Mac OS X 10.9 / Xcode 5.0.1

MathLink linking error after OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) upgrade

4.使用Eclipse進行OpenCV項目開發

若是使用Eclipse開發的話按照下面的步驟進行:

1.按照正常的步驟,使用Eclipse創建一個Mac C++工程,包含一個cpp文件

2.右擊工程名, 選擇Properties,在屬性配置頁中選擇,點擊C/C++ Build, 在下拉選項中選擇 Settings. 在右邊的選項卡中選擇 Tool Settings

3.在GCC C++ Compiler選項列表中選擇Includes,在Include paths(-l)中添加安裝好的opencv的頭文件存放目錄:/usr/local/include/ [存放opencv頭文件的目錄,自行看狀況而定]

4.在MacOS X C++Linker選項列表中選擇Library,在Library search path (-L)中添加安裝好的opencv dylib文件存放目錄:/usr/local/lib/ [通過個人測試只能是這個目錄!其餘目錄甚至是它的子目錄都不行!若是在其餘路徑中,複製過來也行!]

5.在MacOS X C++Linker選項列表中選擇Library, 在Libraries(-l) 中依次點擊號,添加須要使用的lib文件(一般狀況下,使用前三個,注意不要包括前綴lib,能夠添加版本號):

opencv_core opencv_imgproc opencv_highgui opencv_ml opencv_video opencv_features2d opencv_calib3d opencv_objdetect opencv_contrib opencv_legacy opencv_flann

6.從新build項目便可。

若是遇到問題ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64,先檢查代碼中是否須要包含尚未添加的庫文件,再檢查是不是其餘問題。若是是Mac平臺,下面還有一個關於問題ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64的解釋可供參考:

There are two implementations of the standard C++ library available on OS X: libstdc++ and libc++. They are not binary compatible and libMLi3 requires libstdc++.
On 10.8 and earlier libstdc++ is chosen by default, on 10.9 libc++ is chosen by default. To ensure compatibility with libMLi3, we need to choose libstdc++ manually.
To do this, add -stdlib=libstdc++ to the linking command.

更多相關內容參考:

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-702148-657754.html

5.閱讀開源項目

閱讀開源項目Mastering OpenCV with Practical Computer Vision Projects中的代碼,以第8章Face Recognition using Eigenfaces or Fisherfaces爲例

編寫一個shell,內容以下(修改自README.txt),其中的OpenCV_DIR爲OpenCV源碼編譯後獲得的文件夾(如上面的release目錄),執行這個shell即可以獲得Xcode項目,固然打開這個項目以後還要修改相應的配置。

export OpenCV_DIR="/Volumes/hujiawei/Users/hujiawei/Android/opencv-2.4.6.1/build"
mkdir build
cd build
cp $OpenCV_DIR/../data/lbpcascades/lbpcascade_frontalface.xml .
cp $OpenCV_DIR/../data/haarcascades/haarcascade_eye.xml .
cp $OpenCV_DIR/../data/haarcascades/haarcascade_eye_tree_eyeglasses.xml .
cmake -G Xcode -D OpenCV_DIR=$OpenCV_DIR ..
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