搭建數據追蹤系統

環境說明

操做系統: CentOS 7.2 64位java

1. Zipkin簡介

Zipkin是一款開源的分佈式實時數據追蹤系統(Distributed Tracking System),基於 Google Dapper的論文設計而來。其主要功能是彙集來自各個異構系統的實時監控數據。node

2. 應用場景

  1. 故障快速定位 經過分析調用鏈,能夠將一次請求的邏輯軌跡完整清晰的展現出來,經過在開發中在業務日誌中添加調用鏈ID,能夠經過調用鏈結合業務日誌快速定位錯誤信息。mysql

  2. 服務可用性 經過分析各個環節的平均時延,QPS等信息,能夠找到系統的薄弱環節,對一些模塊作調整,例如數據冗餘、鏈路可用等。sql

  3. 性能分析 在調用鏈的各個環節分別添加調用時延,能夠分析系統的性能瓶頸,進行有針對性的優化。shell

3. 安裝JDK

安裝數據追蹤軟件Zipkin所須要的JDK環境數據庫

執行如下命令安裝JDKexpress

yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -y
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安裝完成以後,檢查是否安裝成功npm

java -version
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4. 安裝Zipkin

新建存放ZIPkin的目錄並進入此目錄json

mkdir -p /data/release/zipkin && cd "$_"
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下載Zipkinapi

wget -O zipkin.jar 'https://search.maven.org/remote_content?g=io.zipkin.java&a=zipkin-server&v=LATEST&c=exec'
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啓動Zipkin

java -jar zipkin.jar
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==Zipkin 默認監聽 9411 端口, 使用瀏覽器訪問 http://IP:9411 便可看到 Zipkin 自帶的圖形化界面。若是沒有看到Zipkin的圖形化界面,請確保外網的9411端口是否已開==

3. 安裝mysql

Zipkin支持的持久化方案比較多,如: MySQL、 Elasticsearch。咱們使用MySQL 5.7來做爲持久化方案。

1. 下載MySQL 5.7

在執行如下操做以前,可使用 Ctrl + C 退出上個步驟的 Java 進程並下載rmp包。

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
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安裝rpm包

rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
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安裝MySQL

yum install mysql-community-server -y
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啓動MySQL

systemctl start mysqld.service
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2. 設置MySQL密碼

獲取 root 臨時密碼

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log | awk '{print $NF}'
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使用上一步的得到的臨時密碼登入 MySQL

mysql -uroot -p
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更改MySQL的root密碼爲dettRoot$123

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'dettRoot$123';
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退出MySQL,回到Bash shell

exit;
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3. 初始化Zipkin數據庫腳本

編寫初始化腳本

在目錄/data/release/zipkin下建立腳本文件zipkin_init.sql

touch zipkin_init.sql
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而後添加以下腳本代碼:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` BIGINT,
  `debug` BIT(1),
  `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
  `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_annotations';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
  `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
  `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
  `a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
  `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
  `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
  `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
  `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
  `day` DATE NOT NULL,
  `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `call_count` BIGINT
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);
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登陸MySQL

mysql -u root --password='dettRoot$123'
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建立Zipkin數據庫

create database zipkin
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切換數據庫

use zipkin
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初始化表及索引

source /data/release/zipkin/zipkin_init.sql
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檢查是否有生成zipkin_annotations, zipkin_dependencies, zipkin_spans 三張數據表

show tables;
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退出 MySQL, 回到 Bash shell

exit;
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5. 啓動 Zipkin
cd /data/release/zipkin

STORAGE_TYPE=mysql MYSQL_HOST=localhost MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 MYSQL_DB=zipkin MYSQL_USER=root MYSQL_PASS='dettRoot$123' 

nohup java -jar zipkin.jar &
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6. 建立具備數據上報能力的Demo

1. 搭建 NodeJS 環境
curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash -

yum install nodejs -y
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2. 建立Demo目錄

建立/data/release/service_a目錄

mkdir -p /data/release/service_a && cd "$_"
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使用NPM安裝相關依賴,在 /data/release/service_a 目錄下建立並編輯 package.json,參考下面的內容。

touch package.json
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package.json

{
  "name": "service_a",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {},
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^4.15.3",
    "zipkin": "^0.7.2",
    "zipkin-instrumentation-express": "^0.7.2",
    "zipkin-transport-http": "^0.7.2"
  }
}
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安裝相關依賴

npm install
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建立並編輯 app.js

在 /data/release/service_a 目錄下建立 app.js,參考下面的內容。

touch app.js
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APP.js

const express = require('express');
const {Tracer, ExplicitContext, BatchRecorder} = require('zipkin');
const {HttpLogger} = require('zipkin-transport-http');
const zipkinMiddleware = require('zipkin-instrumentation-express').expressMiddleware;

const ctxImpl = new ExplicitContext();
const recorder = new BatchRecorder({
    logger: new HttpLogger( {
        endpoint: 'http://127.0.0.1:9411/api/v1/spans'
    })
});

const tracer = new Tracer({ctxImpl, recorder});

const app = express();

app.use(zipkinMiddleware({
  tracer,
  serviceName: 'service-a'
}));

app.use('/', (req, res, next) => {
    res.send('hello world');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('service-a listening on port 3000!')
});
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啓動服務

node app.js
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7. 部署完成

查看採集到的追蹤數據

使用瀏覽器訪問 http://IP:9411,便可看到剛纔訪問產生的追蹤數據。

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