數字簽名用於驗證消息發送者的身份,確保其餘人沒法僞造身份。java
數字簽名基於非對稱加密算法,利用只有擁有者纔有私鑰的特性(這能夠標識身份)進行的。git
對發送內容先生成有限長度的摘要,再使用私鑰進行加密,進而生成數字簽名。算法
用公鑰對數字簽名進行解密獲取加密內容(其實也就是摘要),再用與發送方相同的摘要算法對發送內空生成摘要,api
再將這二者進行比較,若相等,則驗證成功,不然失敗。編碼
在此使用java自帶的數字簽名api進行演示,包括MD5withRSA和SHA1withRSA兩種方式,簽名使用base64編碼加密
public class DigitalSignatureMain { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String content = "study hard and make progress everyday"; System.out.println("content :"+content); KeyPair keyPair = getKeyPair(); PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic(); PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate(); String md5Sign = getMd5Sign(content,privateKey); System.out.println("sign with md5 and rsa :"+ md5Sign); boolean md5Verifty = verifyWhenMd5Sign(content,md5Sign,publicKey); System.out.println("verify sign with md5 and rsa :"+ md5Verifty); String sha1Sign = getSha1Sign(content,privateKey); System.out.println("sign with sha1 and rsa :"+ sha1Sign); boolean sha1Verifty = verifyWhenSha1Sign(content,sha1Sign,publicKey); System.out.println("verify sign with sha1 and rsa :"+ sha1Verifty); } //生成密鑰對 static KeyPair getKeyPair() throws Exception { KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA"); keyGen.initialize(512); //能夠理解爲:加密後的密文長度,實際原文要小些 越大 加密解密越慢 KeyPair keyPair = keyGen.generateKeyPair(); return keyPair; } //用md5生成內容摘要,再用RSA的私鑰加密,進而生成數字簽名 static String getMd5Sign(String content , PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception { byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8"); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("MD5withRSA"); signature.initSign(privateKey); signature.update(contentBytes); byte[] signs = signature.sign(); return Base64.encodeBase64String(signs); } //對用md5和RSA私鑰生成的數字簽名進行驗證 static boolean verifyWhenMd5Sign(String content, String sign, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception { byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8"); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("MD5withRSA"); signature.initVerify(publicKey); signature.update(contentBytes); return signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(sign)); } //用sha1生成內容摘要,再用RSA的私鑰加密,進而生成數字簽名 static String getSha1Sign(String content , PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception { byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8"); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA"); signature.initSign(privateKey); signature.update(contentBytes); byte[] signs = signature.sign(); return Base64.encodeBase64String(signs); } //對用md5和RSA私鑰生成的數字簽名進行驗證 static boolean verifyWhenSha1Sign(String content, String sign, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception { byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes("utf-8"); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA"); signature.initVerify(publicKey); signature.update(contentBytes); return signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(sign)); } }