Spring Boot快速搭建Web工程

時間  2019-11-10
標籤 spring boot 快速 搭建 web 工程 欄目 Spring 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

先想一下，正常咱們想要建立一個web服務，首先須要下載tomcat，建立web工程，配置各類web.xml，引入spring的配置，各類配置文件一頓倒騰.....下載有了spring boot，你建立一個web工程只須要一個java類，甚至都不須要下載tomcat，直接右鍵執行就能啓動一個web服務。聽起來就讓人感受興奮！html

最近我也是工做有須要，須要新建一個微服務的模塊。正好公司比較開放，支持搞搞新技術，因而就在同事的慫恿下采用Spring Boot建立了一個工程。使用後發現若是熟練掌握一些配置的技巧，那麼實際上是事半功倍的。（固然你須要花點時間熟悉一下Spring Boot的流程）。不過建立這樣一個工程真的是很簡單，下面就先看看效果：java

建立Hello world工程

安裝jdk和maven

前提條件確定是要安裝jdk和maven，配置好環境變量，這個就很少說了:git

xinghailong@DESKTOP-JB5HET6 MINGW64 ~/Documents/workspace/my
$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_66"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b17, mixed mode)

xinghailong@DESKTOP-JB5HET6 MINGW64 ~/Documents/workspace/my
$ mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.3.9 (bb52d8502b132ec0a5a3f4c09453c07478323dc5; 2015-11-11T00:41:47+08:00)
Maven home: C:\Users\xinghailong\Documents\soft\apache-maven-3.3.9
Java version: 1.8.0_66, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_66\jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBK
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "dos"

而後配置maven依賴

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>xingoo</groupId>
    <artifactId>SimpleSpringBoot</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <!-- 自動依賴父pom，能夠省略不少的配置-->
    <!-- 若是已經有了父依賴，那麼能夠參考：http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.4.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#using-boot-maven-without-a-parent -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

最後建立一個java類

package main.java.xingoo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * Created by xinghailong on 2017/7/21.
 */
/*@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

而且建立一個Controller（你也能夠直接在上面的類中建立請求Mapping）github

package main.java.xingoo.web;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * Created by xinghailong on 2017/7/21.
 */
@RestController
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello world!";
    }
}

在Application類上直接執行

.   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.4.RELEASE)

2017-07-21 23:46:50.580  INFO 22236 --- [           main] main.java.xingoo.Application             : Starting Application on DESKTOP-JB5HET6 with PID 22236 (C:\Users\xinghailong\Documents\workspace\my\SimpleSpringBoot\target\classes started by xinghailong in C:\Users\xinghailong\Documents\workspace\tiangou\code\workbench)
2017-07-21 23:46:50.588  INFO 22236 --- [           main] main.java.xingoo.Application             : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-07-21 23:46:50.700  INFO 22236 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4da4253: startup date [Fri Jul 21 23:46:50 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-07-21 23:46:54.086  INFO 22236 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-07-21 23:46:54.117  INFO 22236 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2017-07-21 23:46:54.118  INFO 22236 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.15
2017-07-21 23:46:54.346  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-07-21 23:46:54.346  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 3653 ms
2017-07-21 23:46:54.684  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-07-21 23:46:54.713  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-07-21 23:46:54.715  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-07-21 23:46:54.717  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-07-21 23:46:54.717  INFO 22236 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-07-21 23:46:55.302  INFO 22236 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4da4253: startup date [Fri Jul 21 23:46:50 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-07-21 23:46:55.472  INFO 22236 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hello]}" onto public java.lang.String main.java.xingoo.web.TestController.hello()
2017-07-21 23:46:55.480  INFO 22236 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2017-07-21 23:46:55.481  INFO 22236 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2017-07-21 23:46:55.564  INFO 22236 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-07-21 23:46:55.564  INFO 22236 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-07-21 23:46:55.632  INFO 22236 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-07-21 23:46:56.004  INFO 22236 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-07-21 23:46:56.134  INFO 22236 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-07-21 23:46:56.142  INFO 22236 --- [           main] main.java.xingoo.Application             : Started Application in 6.834 seconds (JVM running for 8.969)

在頁面訪問localhost:8080/hello

就能看到輸出信息了。web

hello world!

很簡單吧！

代碼我已經上傳到github上面，若是有興趣的能夠直接clone下來使用:https://github.com/xinghalo/SimpleSpringBoot.gitspring

跟着官方文檔學習下基本知識

關於註解@EnableAutoConfiguration

其餘的內容就不說了，跟以前部署到tomcat差很少，不一樣的是多了這個註解，這個註解的做用是會去根據配置的pom依賴，自動加載一些類，好比數據庫的dataSource等。數據庫

關於部署

SpringBoot的項目能夠直接打成一個 可執行的jar包，即fat jar。通常狀況下java是不支持內嵌jar的，它會在你打包的時候把class抽離出來放在一個jar裏面，若是有兩個class名稱和目錄都相同，那麼就會出現衝突。所以Spring Boot提供了本身的打包插件，這就須要在build當中引入該plugin：apache

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>

而後，在pom.xml同層目錄下，執行命令mvn clean package就能夠打包了。windows

推薦的包層次

com
 +- example
     +- myproject
         +- Application.java
         |
         +- domain
         |   +- Customer.java
         |   +- CustomerRepository.java
         |
         +- service
         |   +- CustomerService.java
         |
         +- web
             +- CustomerController.java

Configuration

在Spring Boot中，通常不多使用xml進行配置，都是基於Class來配置的。若是有一些配置項，那麼能夠把這個類加上註解@Configuration。若是額外須要引入xml，也可使用註解@ImportResource添加xml文件tomcat

禁用某些配置

好比你的項目根本不須要引入數據庫鏈接池，那麼就可使用exclude進行排除:

@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MyConfiguration {
}

使用@SpringBootApplication

這個註解能夠當作是@Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration and @ComponentScan的合體

使用maven啓動

執行下面的命令，也能夠經過maven啓動spring boot

mvn spring-boot:run
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