（實用）拿到一個新的阿里雲64位centOS系統後，手把手教你編譯安裝PHP生產環境（lnmp）
本次使用的是centOS6.7 64位系統javascript
第一步：處理阿里雲磁盤掛載問題
查看磁盤狀況，本次機器系統盤爲阿里雲贈送的20G，數據盤爲100Gphp
其中/dev/xvda爲系統盤，/dev/xvdb爲數據盤，數據盤暫未作任何操做，要使用的話，先作掛載css
輸入fdisk /dev/xvdb 對數據盤進行分區。根據提示，輸入 n， p， 1， 回車，回車， wqhtml
緊接着輸入命令mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1，格式化磁盤，耐心等待便可java
接下來掛載此磁盤到目錄，掛載目錄因人而異，我習慣掛載到/data0下（由於假如之後又買了第二塊數據盤，我能夠掛載到/data一、/data2......等等以此類推）node
輸入mkdir /data0，而後輸入mount /dev/xvdb1 /data0mysql
而後寫入分區表：echo '/dev/xvdb1 /data0 ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstablinux
磁盤掛載大功告成，而後輸入命令df -h查看，就能看到/dev/xvdb1已經掛在到/data0目錄下了，之後cd /data0其實就是訪問這塊數據盤，而不是系統盤了，咱們能夠將網站和數據庫以及日誌等容易佔用磁盤空間的文件放在這裏nginx
第二步：安裝MySQL
先安裝所依賴包，執行下面的命令：c++
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf cmake libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng \ libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel \ glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel \ curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel \ openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients \ openldap-servers gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel perl-CPAN
建立MySQL用戶和組：
groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql mkdir -p /data0/mysql/data mkdir /data0/mysql/logs chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
編譯MySQL:
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.28.tar.gz cd mysql-5.6.28/ cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/data \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci make && make install
配置MySQL開機自啓動
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on
添加MySQL的軟連接以適應init腳本
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/mysql ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/sbin/mysqladmin ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/sbin/mysqldump
修改配置文件
cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf vi /etc/my.cnf # 輸入如下內容（能夠先清空默認內容）: [mysqld] datadir=/data0/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock user=mysql symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data0/mysql/logs/mysqld.log pid-file=/data0/mysql/mysqld.pid user=mysql tmpdir=/tmp
初始化數據庫
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/data
啓動MySQL
service mysqld start # 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld start
進入MySQL（輸入mysql或者/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql直接回車便可進入）
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql #回車直接進入mysql
（下面這步操做非必須，這只是我我的習慣）輸入如下SQL語句，建立一個具備root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（12345678）：
use mysql; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; #這句能夠建立一個容許遠程訪問的帳戶 DELETE FROM user WHERE User!='admin'; #刪除原先默認的用戶，僅保留新建的admin用戶（這招狠吧，連root用戶都刪了）
第三步：安裝Tengine（nginx）
添加www用戶和組、建立網站虛擬目錄
groupadd www useradd -g www -s /usr/sbin/nologin www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/
安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫
tar zxvf pcre-8.33.tar.gz cd pcre-8.33 ./configure make && make install ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 cd ..
安裝Nginx
tar zxvf tengine-2.1.2.tar.gz cd tengine-2.1.2 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_concat_module make && make install cd ..
建立Nginx日誌目錄
mkdir -p /data0/logs chmod +w /data0/logs chown -R www:www /data0/logs
建立Nginx配置文件，在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中建立nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入如下內容：
user www www;
worker_processes 4;
error_log /data0/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
#pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*;
}
新建sites-available目錄專門存放虛擬網站配置，建立sites-enabled目錄專門存放正在使用的網站配置
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled
新建www網站配置文件，vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available/www ，輸入如下內容：
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
access_log /data0/logs/www_access.log;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
}
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf，並輸入下面內容:
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
發佈sites-available裏的www網站：
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-available/www /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/www
啓動nginx：
ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
第四步：安裝PHP
安裝PHP所需依賴包：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.14 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make && make install cd .. tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ # 對共享庫作符號連接 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../
安裝PHP：
tar zxvf php-5.5.31.tar.gz cd php-5.5.31 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \ --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization \ --with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap \ --enable-opcache --without-pear --disable-fileinfo #注：若是內存較大 能夠去掉--disable-fileinfo make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' make install cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cd ../ cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改
user = nobody group = nobody
爲
user = www group = www
# 將;pid = run/php-fpm.pid前的;去掉並修改成 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
啓動php-fpm
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
將Nginx與fpm加入自啓動
vi /etc/rc.local # 輸入 ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
編譯PHP擴展模塊memcache、redis 、pdo_mysql、imagick
tar zxvf memcache-3.0.8.tgz cd memcache-3.0.8 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar zxvf redis-2.2.7.tgz cd redis-2.2.7 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/* /usr/local/include/ make make install cd ../ tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ ./configure make make install cd ../ tar zxvf imagick-3.2.0RC1.tgz cd imagick-3.2.0RC1 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
修改php.ini配置文件
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #在最後一行加入如下 extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/" extension=memcache.so extension=redis.so extension=pdo_mysql.so extension=imagick.so zend_extension=opcache.so [opcache] opcache.memory_consumption=128 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000 opcache.revalidate_freq=60 opcache.fast_shutdown=1 opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1
執行下面的命令使配置文件當即生效：
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
此時已經大功告成，在/data0/htdocs/www目錄下建一個index.php寫入phpinfo()看看擴展是否都正常加載
其餘（可選）：
優化linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增長如下內容：
# Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置當即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
修改php.ini時區：
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini #找到;date.timezone = 去掉前面的分號並改成date.timezone = Asia/Chongqing
經常使用命令：
#修改完php.ini後執行： kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid` #修改完nginx.conf後執行 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重啓mysql服務執行： service mysqld (start|stop|restart)
有興趣研究的留郵箱，打包發送全部安裝所需文件：
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