android經常使用名詞收集

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持續學習，持續更新......

AOSP

AOSP stands for Android Open Source Project.

Stock

Stock Android is what Google provides in their Nexus devices.
Stock ROM on the other hand is when Google releases source code for the latest android OS and mobile companies take this standard source code released by Google and then port it to work on various devices by integrating some device specific drivers and software into the standard source code.

stock就是相似原生的意思，原生的android.

vanilla

Maybe instead of "stock", we can use the term vanilla?

原生android.

NANDroid

Nandroid, sometimes written as NANDroid, is a portmanteau for NAND flash memory, the type of permanent storage memory that your device uses, and Android. A Nandroid backup is a de-facto (by the hacking community) standard directory structure for backing up a perfect mirror image of your Android device. By doing this backup, you can save literally　everything, from your own personal data to the system files.

NANDroid是NAND和Android的合體詞語，一般是指Nandroid backup 。而Nandroid backup是hacking論壇 社區起的名字，是一個目錄結構的標準，主要是爲了備份你的手機，包括用戶數據和系統的文件。之後你就能再次用這個備份來將手機恢復到這個狀態。

Rom Mod Firmware

Although the real definitions are different, in the Android world, ROM, Mod, and Firmware are all used as if they mean essentially the same thing. They all refer to a customised version of the Android operating system that has been modified to work on a particular brand of phone with a specific set of customisations or changes. This can be done so that an old phone like the G1 can be given a brand new version of Android, such as 2.2 even if the manufacturer has decided not to provide it. Or could be to provide extra functionality not available in the manufacturer's supplied version of Android, or to fix problems in the manufacturer supplied version.

Rom，Mod，Firmware 指的是一個東西，就是android系統，通常是定製化過的，用來運行在特定品牌的機器上。
有時候一個老款的手機，手機廠商假如不打算再支持這個手機的更新，你可能會失去繼續用下去的興趣。可是有熱心的網友，本身將新的android版本或者功能爲這款手機定製，那麼你就能夠繼續在老的手機上使用這些定製的android版本。

OTA

An Over The Air (OTA) update is when your phone receives an update to its Android operating system "over the air", ie it is sent the files automatically over the cellular network from either Google or from your phone network without ever needing to be plugged into a PC.

OTA升級，經過網絡下載升級版本，而後去升級，不須要你去鏈接電腦。

Root

Rooting is when you gain "Root" access to the phone giving you the power to do anything you want to it (it comes from the Unix Root User, essentially the Unix equivalent to the Windows Administrator account). Normally you're prevented from being Root for your own good, as it's very easy to break your phone once you have root access, and quite hard to break it without.

Root這個詞語來自unix的Root用戶，享有最高權限。若是你的手機獲取了Root權限，就能幹任何事情。一般不要去root手機，若是操做不當，對手機系統形成損壞，可能會開不了機等。

Bootloader

The bootloader controls how the device boots. Google's PC-side tool for getting into the bootloader and other related tasks is called Fastboot, and running the bootloader interactively may be called "Fastboot mode". A locked bootloader will verify the Android system partition and restore it to stock if it doesn't match, whereas an unlocked bootloader doesn't do the same checking, which is why unlocking the bootloader is required to permanently root a device.

bootloader控制手機如何去啓動，是進入正常的android系統，仍是進入recovery系統。而fastboot就是android側的bootloader（對高通平臺的手機，都有Modem系統，我想應該也存在一個modem側的相應bootloader），你能夠和這個bootloader進行交互。當手機進入fastboot模式，你可使用google提供的pc側工具（adb，fastboot）和這個bootloader進行交互。例以下載recovery，下載新的kernel等。
若是手機的bootloader是上鎖的，那麼bootloader會去校驗android的system分區，若是校驗不經過，則會還原爲stock，就是前面的正確版本。可是未加鎖的bootloader不會作校驗。因此root手機前，通常都須要先解鎖bootloader。

Fastboot

fastboot is a small tool that comes with the Android SDK (software developer kit) that can be used to re-flash partitions on your device. It is an alternative to the recovery mode for doing installations and updates.

Because fastboot mode can start on your device even before Android loads (and can even run when Android isn't installed at all), fastboot mode is useful for updating the firmware quickly, without having to use a recovery mode. In fact, it's frequently the preferred way to initially install the recovery image on many devices. Fastboot can also be used for developer operations like unlocking the bootloader of Google's Nexus devices.

Not all devices support fastboot, but many do.

There are two "sides" to using fastboot-- the computer side and the device side. Typically your device first is connected to your computer via a USB cable. Then you boot to the "fastboot mode" on the device. On your computer, you then run the fastboot tool to issue commands. Please note that fastboot commands will ONLY work while the device is in fastboot mode.

fastboot應該說是存在兩個部分，一部分爲電腦pc側的fastboot軟件，一部分是手機側的。你在使用fastboot的時候，首先須要重啓進入fastboot模式，而後利用fastboot的pc側軟件利用adb和手機進行交互。
fastboot mode是在android系統啓動前運行，所以很是適合快速升級系統的firmware，而不須要進入recovery模式(相比升級速度慢了不少)。而通常fastboot是用來初始安裝recovery image的首選途徑。此外fastboot模式下還能解鎖bootloader。

recovery

通常指recovery模式，進入recovery後會有下面的選項，能夠擦除分區，從sd卡升級等。

reboot system now
apply sdcard:update.zip
wipe data/factory reset
wipe cache partition

通常原生的recovey能作的事情不多，因此能夠先在fastboot模式下刷入第三方的recovey.img，而後進入recovery系統作本身想作的事情。