Nginx是C語言開發,安裝nginx須要先將官網下載的源碼進行編譯,編譯依賴gcc環境,若是沒有gcc環境php
sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install libtool
centos的話:yum install gcc-c++
安裝pcre依賴庫(http://www.pcre.org/)html
是一個Perl庫,包括 perl 兼容的正則表達式庫。nginx的http模塊使用pcre來解析正則表達式,因此須要在linux上安裝pcre庫linux
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
centos的話:yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
安裝zlib依賴庫(http://www.zlib.net)nginx
zlib庫提供了不少種壓縮和解壓縮的方式,nginx使用zlib對http包的內容進行gzip,因此須要在linux上安裝zlib庫c++
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
centos的話:yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
安裝SSL依賴庫(16.04默認已經安裝了)web
OpenSSL 是一個強大的安全套接字層密碼庫,囊括主要的密碼算法、經常使用的密鑰和證書封裝管理功能及SSL協議,並提供豐富的應用程序供測試或其它目的使用。
nginx不只支持http協議,還支持https(即在ssl協議上傳輸http),因此須要在linux安裝openssl庫。正則表達式
sudo apt-get install openssl
centos的話:yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
安裝Nginx以下步驟:算法
#下載最新版本:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#解壓:
tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#進入解壓目錄:
cd nginx-1.13.6
#配置:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
#編譯:
make
#安裝:
sudo make install
#啓動:
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注意:-c 指定配置文件的路徑,不加的話,nginx會自動加載默認路徑的配置文件,能夠經過-h查看幫助命令。
#查看進程:
ps -ef | grep nginxvim
或ps aux | grep nginxcentos
關於configure、make、make install
源碼的安裝通常由有這三個步驟:配置(configure)、編譯(make)、安裝(make install)
其中–prefix選項就是配置安裝的路徑,若是不配置該選項,安裝後可執行文件默認放在/usr /local/bin,庫文件默認放在/usr/local/lib,配置文件默認放在/usr/local/etc,其它的資源文件放在/usr /local/share,比較分散。
爲了便於集中管理某個軟件的各類文件,能夠配置–prefix,如:./configure –prefix=/usr/local 。能夠把全部資源文件放在/usr/local的路徑中,就不會分散了。
使用--prefix選項的另外一個好處是方便卸載軟件或移植軟件;當某個安裝的軟件再也不須要時,只須簡單的刪除該安裝目錄,就能夠把軟件卸載得乾乾淨淨;而移植軟件只需拷貝整個目錄到另一個機器便可(相同的操做系統下)。
configure
首先檢查機器的一些配置和環境,系統的相關依賴。若是缺乏相關依賴,腳本會中止執行,軟件安裝失敗 根據以前檢查環境和依賴的結果,生產Makefile文件(main job)
make
make是Unix系統下的一個包。執行make命令需Makefile文件。make會根據Makefile文件中指令來安裝軟件 Makefile文件中有許多標籤,來表示不一樣的section。通常的,make會編譯源代碼並生成可執行文件,其實Makefile主要就是描述文件編譯的相互依賴關係
make install
當執行make命令不加任何參數,程序就會按照Makefile的指令在相應的section間跳轉而且執行相應的命令 加上install參數即執行make install時,程序只會執行install section處的命令。install section的指令會將make階段生產的可執行文件拷貝到相應的地方,例如/usr/local/bin make clean 會刪除上次make生產的obj文件以及可執行文件
配置軟連接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
如今就能夠不用路徑直接輸入nginx啓動。
配置開機啓動服務
在/etc/init.d/下建立nginx文件,sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx,內容以下:
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi
STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi
if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimit $ULIMIT
fi
start_nginx() {
# Start the daemon/service
#
# Returns:
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
|| return 2
}
test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}
stop_nginx() {
# Stops the daemon/service
#
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
sleep 1
return "$RETVAL"
}
reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}
rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}
upgrade_nginx() {
# Online upgrade nginx executable
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
#
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
return 2
fi
sleep 1
done
# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
return 0
else
return 3
fi
else
return 1
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
# Check configuration before stopping nginx
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi
stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1)
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"
# Check configuration before stopping nginx
#
# This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
# to the administrator.
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi
reload_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
configtest|testconfig)
log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
test_config
log_end_msg $?
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
upgrade)
log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
upgrade_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
rotate_logs
log_end_msg $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
腳本
#設置服務腳本有執行權限 sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx #註冊服務 cd /etc/init.d/ sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
如今基本上就能夠開機啓動了,經常使用的命令以下:
sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}
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