cucumber & selenium & bddtest

目錄

• 1.Cucumber介紹
  • refer link：
• 2。使用步驟
  • 2.1 引入依賴
  • 2.2新建test.future文件
  • 2.3在resource目錄下建立cucumber.bat,執行bat，cucumber會讀取test2.feature文件的內容，生成step定義代碼,把這個生成的內容，粘貼進去本身定義的java類裏com/cucumber/hellocucumber/Stepdefs.java：
  • 2。4編寫測試類
  • 2.5編寫代碼使TodoSteps.java方法執行經過
• 3.Using variables and examples
  • 3.1 use to define the variable and examples
  • 3.2 define the step class
• 4。Browser Automation
  • 4.1 依賴
  • 4.2prepare
  • 4.3定義feature文件web.feature
  • 4.4定義step類
  • 4.5編寫測試類

1.Cucumber介紹

+ feature : read requirement
    +scenario : testing situation,including 
        + Given/ 
        + when/ 
        + then

Feature：用來描述咱們須要測試的功能
Scenario: 用來描述測試場景
Given： 前置條件
When: 描述測試步驟
Then: 斷言

features：用來存放天然語言的用例文件
step_definitions：用來存放java代碼實現的測試用例
jars：cucumber-jvm的相關jar包都放在這裏
implementation：存放被測試的代碼，也就是項目的實現文件

refer link：

https://docs.cucumber.io/guides/10-minute-tutorial/
https://docs.cucumber.io/guides/browser-automation/

2。使用步驟

2.1 引入依賴

<dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>gherkin</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Cucumber Tag related jars (start) -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-server-standalone</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.0</version>
        </dependency>

2.2新建test.future文件

Feature: Is it Friday yet?
  Everybody wants to know when it's Friday

  Scenario: Sunday isn't Friday
    Given today is Sunday
    When I ask whether it's Friday yet
    Then I should be told "Nope"

2.3在resource目錄下建立cucumber.bat,執行bat，cucumber會讀取test2.feature文件的內容，生成step定義代碼,把這個生成的內容，粘貼進去本身定義的java類裏com/cucumber/hellocucumber/Stepdefs.java：

@Given("^today is Sunday$")
public void today_is_Sunday() throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void i_should_be_told(String arg1) throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

2。4編寫測試類

在com/cucumber/hellocucumber目錄下面編寫com/cucumber/hellocucumber。java類，用junit執行run一下。會自動去讀取

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/features"})
public class RunCucumberTest {
    
}

通常用junit執行run一下，都會發現不少PendingException這時候就須要編寫代碼，使測試經過。

2.5編寫代碼使TodoSteps.java方法執行經過

public class Stepdefs {
    private String today;
    private String actualAnswer;

    @Given("^today is Sunday$")
    public void today_is_Sunday() throws Throwable {
        this.today = "Sunday";
    }

    @When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
    public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
        this.actualAnswer = IsItFriday.isItFriday(today);
    }
    


    @Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
    public void i_should_be_told(String expectedAnswer) throws Throwable {
         assertEquals(expectedAnswer, actualAnswer);
    }
}

IsItFriday。java 以下：
public class IsItFriday {
     static String isItFriday(String today) {
         if (today.equals("Friday")) {
                return "TGIF";
            }
            return "Nope";
        }
}

3.Using variables and examples

3.1 use to define the variable and examples

Feature: Is it Friday yet?
  Everybody wants to know when it's Friday

  Scenario Outline: Today is or is not Friday
    Given today is "<day>"
    When I ask whether it's Friday yet
    Then I should be told "<answer>"

  Examples:
    | day | answer |
    | Friday | TGIF |
    | Sunday | Nope |
    | anything else! | Nope |

3.2 define the step class

@Given("^today is \"([^\"]*)\"$")
    public void today_is(String today) throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
        this.today = today;
        //throw new PendingException();
    }

    @When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
    public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
        this.actualAnswer = IsItFriday.isItFriday(today);
    }
    


    @Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
    public void i_should_be_told(String expectedAnswer) throws Throwable {
         assertEquals(expectedAnswer, actualAnswer);
    }

4。Browser Automation

Cucumber自己不是一個瀏覽器自動化測試工具，可是經過和Selenium WebDriver結合能夠完成一些簡單的瀏覽器自動化測試工做。

4.1 依賴

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-server-standalone</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.0</version>
        </dependency>

4.2prepare

若是你使用的時候chrom瀏覽器，那麼須要在系統屬性裏面設置chromedriver.exe的路徑

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:/swdtools/Chrome/chromedriver.exe");

4.3定義feature文件web.feature

Feature: search cheese on google
  
    Scenario: Finding some cheese
       Given I am on the Baidu search page
       When I search for "Cheese!"
       Then the page title should start with "cheese"

4.4定義step類

public class ExampleSteps {
     private final WebDriver driver = WebDriverFactory.createWebDriver();
        @Given("^I am on the Baidu search page$")
        public void I_visit_google() {
        driver.get("https:\\www.baidu.com");
       }

       @When("^I search for \"(.*)\"$")
         public void search_for(String query) {
            WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
            // Enter something to search for
            element.sendKeys(query);
            // Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
            element.submit();
       }

       @Then("^the page title should start with \"(.*)\"$")
       public void checkTitle(String titleStartsWith) {
           // Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript
           // Wait for the page to load timeout after ten seconds
           new WebDriverWait(driver,10L).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
               public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
                   return d.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("cheese");
                   // Should see: "cheese! -Google Search"
               }
           });
        }

        @After()
         public void closeBrowser() {
           driver.quit();
         }
}

4.5編寫測試類

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/features"})
public class RunCucumberTest {

}