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標籤:「iOS」「Swift」「CGAffineTransform」
做者: 大成小棧
審校: QiShare團隊php
iOS 中的二維平面變換通常使用CGAffineTransform,又稱爲仿射變換。下面咱們來介紹一下仿射變換的基本原理和基本用法。git
仿射變換矩陣用於旋轉,縮放,平移或傾斜在圖形上下文中繪製的對象。該類型提供用於建立,鏈接和應用仿射變換的功能。github
public struct CGAffineTransform {
public var a: CGFloat
public var b: CGFloat
public var c: CGFloat
public var d: CGFloat
public var tx: CGFloat
public var ty: CGFloat
public init()
public init(a: CGFloat, b: CGFloat, c: CGFloat, d: CGFloat, tx: CGFloat, ty: CGFloat)
}
複製代碼
仿射變換由3 x 3矩陣表示:web
因爲第三列始終爲(0,0,1)
,所以數據結構僅包含前兩列的值。 從概念上講,仿射變換將表明圖形中每一個點(x,y)的行向量與此矩陣相乘,從而產生一個表明相應點(x',y')的向量:objective-c
給定3 x 3矩陣,可以使用如下方程式將一個座標系中的點(x,y)轉換爲另外一座標系中的結果點(x',y')。swift
矩陣由此「連接」兩個座標系-它指定一個座標系中的點如何映射到另外一個座標系。 請注意,一般不須要直接建立仿射變換。例如,若是隻想繪製縮放或旋轉的對象,則無需構造仿射變換。最直接的方法來操做你的「圖紙」-不管是經過移動,縮放或旋轉是調用函數,或分別作這些操做。一般,只有在之後要重用時才應建立仿射變換。微信
CGAffineTransform的(a,b,c,d,tx,ty)默認參數是[ 1 0 0 1 0 0 ], 這幾個的參數的做用: a: 對應sx就是視圖寬放大或縮小的比例,初始值1,一倍大小。 b: 旋轉會用到,初始值0。 c: 旋轉會用到,初始值0。 d: 對應sy就是視圖高放大或縮小的比例,初始值1,一倍大小。 tx: 視圖x軸平移,初始值0,沒有平移。 ty: 視圖y軸平移,初始值0,沒有平移。數據結構
import UIKit
class AffineTransfromView: UIView {
var buttonTitleArr: NSMutableArray = NSMutableArray.init()
var imgView: UIImageView?
open var hostCon: UIViewController?
override init(frame: CGRect) {
super.init(frame: frame)
self.initViews()
}
required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
}
func initViews() {
let size = self.frame.size
self.buttonTitleArr.addObjects(from: ["平移", "旋轉", "縮放", "旋轉平移縮放", "驗證標準矩陣", "平移以後再轉換", "倒置", "矩陣相乘", "點矩陣轉換", "size矩陣轉換", "rect 矩陣轉換", "復位"])
for i in 0 ..< buttonTitleArr.count {
let title: String = buttonTitleArr.object(at: i) as! String
let button: UIButton = UIButton.init(type: UIButton.ButtonType.system)
button.setTitle(title, for: UIControl.State.normal)
button.frame = CGRect.init(x: (size.width / 3.0) * CGFloat(i%3), y: 50.0 * CGFloat(i/3), width: size.width / 3.0, height: 50.0)
button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(buttonClicked(button:)), for: UIControl.Event.touchUpInside)
button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.lightGray.cgColor
button.layer.borderWidth = 0.5
self.addSubview(button)
button.tag = i
}
let backView: UIView = UIView.init(frame: CGRect.init(x: 0.0, y: 0.0, width: 150.0, height: 150.0))
backView.backgroundColor = UIColor.cyan
backView.center = self.center;
self.addSubview(backView)
self.imgView = UIImageView.init(frame: backView.bounds)
self.imgView?.image = UIImage.init(named: "affinetransform.jpeg")
self.imgView?.center = self.center
self.addSubview(self.imgView!)
}
@objc func buttonClicked(button: UIButton) {
switch button.tag {
case 0:
self.translation()
case 1:
self.rotation()
case 2:
self.scale()
case 3:
self.allTransform()
case 4:
self.isIdentity()
case 5:
self.rotationAfterTranslation()
case 6:
self.invert()
case 7:
self.matrixMultiplication()
case 8:
self.pointTransform()
case 9:
self.sizeTransform()
case 10:
self.rectTransform()
case 11:
self.reset()
default:
break;
}
}
func showAlert(alertMsg: String) {
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: nil, message: alertMsg, preferredStyle: UIAlertController.Style.alert)
let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: UIAlertAction.Style.cancel, handler: nil)
alertController.addAction(cancelAction)
self.hostCon?.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
func reset() {
UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.3) {
self.imgView?.transform = CGAffineTransform.identity
}
}
func animate(transform: CGAffineTransform) {
UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.3) {
self.imgView?.transform = transform
}
}
func translation() {
self.reset()
let transform: CGAffineTransform = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 50, y: 50)
self.animate(transform: transform)
}
func rotation() {
self.reset()
let transform: CGAffineTransform = CGAffineTransform(rotationAngle: CGFloat(Double.pi / 4.0))
self.animate(transform: transform)
}
func scale() {
self.reset()
let transform: CGAffineTransform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 0.5, y: 0.5)
self.animate(transform: transform)
}
func allTransform() {
self.reset()
let transform: CGAffineTransform = CGAffineTransform(a: 0.5, b: 0.3, c: 0.5, d: 1.5, tx: 25, ty: 25)
self.animate(transform: transform)
}
func isIdentity() {
let isIdentity = self.imgView?.transform.isIdentity
let alertMsg: String = isIdentity == true ? "是標準矩陣" : "不是標準矩陣"
self.showAlert(alertMsg: alertMsg)
}
func rotationAfterTranslation() {
self.reset()
var translation = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 40, y: 40)
translation = translation.rotated(by: CGFloat(Double.pi / 4.0))
self.animate(transform: translation)
}
func invert() {
self.reset()
let translation = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 50, y: 50)
let translationInverted = translation.inverted()
self.animate(transform: translationInverted)
}
func matrixMultiplication() {
self.reset()
let translation = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 40, y: 40)
let rotation = CGAffineTransform(rotationAngle: CGFloat(Double.pi / 4.0))
let transform: CGAffineTransform = translation.concatenating(rotation)
self.animate(transform: transform)
}
func pointTransform() {
let point = CGPoint.init(x: 100, y: 100)
let transform = CGAffineTransform(a: 1, b: 0, c: 0, d: 1, tx: 20, ty: 10)
let transformedPoint = point.applying(transform)
let alertMsg = NSString.init(format: "以前:%@\n以後:%@", point.debugDescription, transformedPoint.debugDescription)
self.showAlert(alertMsg: alertMsg as String)
}
func sizeTransform() {
let size = CGSize.init(width: 200, height: 200)
//let transform = CGAffineTransform(a: 1, b: 0, c: 0, d: 1, tx: 20, ty: 10)
let transform = CGAffineTransform(rotationAngle: CGFloat(Double.pi / 2.0))
let transformedSize = size.applying(transform)
let alertMsg = NSString.init(format: "以前:%@\n以後:%@", size.debugDescription, transformedSize.debugDescription)
self.showAlert(alertMsg: alertMsg as String)
}
func rectTransform() {
let rect = CGRect.init(x: 0, y: 0, width: 300, height: 300)
let transform = CGAffineTransform(a: 1, b: 0, c: 0, d: 1, tx: 20, ty: 10)
let transformedRect = rect.applying(transform)
let alertMsg = NSString.init(format: "以前:%@\n以後:%@", rect.debugDescription, transformedRect.debugDescription)
self.showAlert(alertMsg: alertMsg as String)
}
}
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源碼Github地址app
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