Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安裝Oracle 10g R2詳解

Oracle 11g在Windows Server 2008 R2的安裝詳解html

本篇博文參考《Oracle 10g官方文檔》等資料,故選《RHEL4》操做系統。生產環境中強烈建議以《Oracle 10g官方文檔》爲藍圖!linux

1、預備:c++

一、硬件:注:括號()中是官方提供數據!數據庫

1-檢查物理內存 (RAM至少1G瀏覽器

[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo    
MemTotal:      1541764 kB //RAM是1.5G        
[root@RHEL4 ~]# bash

2-檢查Swap大小1G<RAM<2G,則Swap=RAM X 1.5服務器

[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo    
SwapTotal:     3140696 kB  //此處是1.5X2=3G        
[root@RHEL4 ~]# 網絡

3-檢查可用RAM和swap空間session

[root@RHEL4 ~]# free    
total           used         free              shared    buffers     cached    
Mem:     1541764     898536     643228          0            49480      542584    
-/+ buffers/cache:     306472    1235292    
Swap:    3140696          0       3140696        
[root@RHEL4 ~]# oracle

4-檢查CPU

[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo    
model name    :        Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2430M CPU @ 2.40GHz    
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

二、軟件:

1-操做系統版本

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8 X64bit

2-內核版本號

[root@RHEL4 ~]# uname -r    
2.6.9-82.EL        
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

3-RHEL4所須要安裝的軟件包

(1)binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
(2)compat-db-4.1.25-9
(3)control-center-2.8.0-12
(4)gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
(5)gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
(6)glibc-2.3.4-2
(7)glibc-common-2.3.4-2
(8)gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
(9)libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
(10)libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
(11)make-3.80-5
(12)pdksh-5.2.14-30
(13)sysstat-5.0.5-1
(14)xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
 備註:
//查詢是否已安裝了上面14個軟件包
rpm –qa | grep 軟件包名
//安裝軟件包
方法1:
rpm –ivh  軟件包名
方法2:
yum install 軟件包名

3. 在/etc/hosts後面添加1行:

127.0.0.1localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.1.224           RHEL4

4. 建立用戶和組

[root@RHEL4 ~]# groupadd oinstall  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# groupadd dba  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle  
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

5. 修改參數:

1-在/etc/sysctl.conf的最後添加:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648   //大於或等於物理內存一半或以上便可!
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

2-而後,使用sysctl  -p 命令,即時生效

[root@RHEL4 ~]# sysctl -p      
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0  
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1  
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0  
kernel.sysrq = 0  
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1  
kernel.shmall = 2097152  
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648  
kernel.shmmni = 4096  
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  
fs.file-max = 65536  
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000  
net.core.rmem_default = 262144  
net.core.rmem_max = 262144  
net.core.wmem_default = 262144  
net.core.wmem_max = 262144  
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

3-在/etc/security/limits.conf最後面添加:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc   2047  
oracle              hard    nproc   16384  
oracle              soft    nofile  1024  
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

4-在/etc/pam.d/login最後面添加:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     pam_limits.so
  在/etc/profile最後面添加:
[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

6. 建立Oracle 10g R2的安裝目錄

1-建立oracle安裝目錄且賦於權限

[root@RHEL4 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# chmod -R 755 /u01  
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

2-設置Oracle的環境變量

在.bash_profile最後面添加:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle   //切換到oracle用戶賬戶      
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle  
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1  
export ORACLE_SID=jiagulun  
export NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk

[root@RHEL4 ~]#exit  //退出oracle用戶賬戶

[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle   //從新切換到oracle用戶賬戶      
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ ls

2、Oracle數據庫的安裝

1-上傳Oracle數據庫軟件,再解壓

//先建立一個目錄/oraapp/

[root@RHEL4 ~]# mkdir /oraapp/  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# mount /dev/hdc /media/  
mount: block device /dev/hdc is write-protected, mounting read-only  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# cd /media/  
[root@RHEL4 media]# ll  
total 740658  
-r-xr-xr-x  1 root root 758433170 Aug 10 23:46 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz      
[root@RHEL4 media]# cp 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz    /oraapp/      
[root@RHEL4 media]# cd /oraapp/  
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# ll  
total 741388  
-r-xr-xr-x  1 root root 758433170 Aug 11 14:29 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz  
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz  //解壓之

2-gunzip將XXX.cpio.gz解後是XXX.cpio文件了,而後再用命令解壓便可:

[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# ll  
total 783588  
-r-xr-xr-x  1 root root 801603584 Aug 11 14:29 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio      
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  //解壓之

[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# ls  
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  database  
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# cd database/  
[root@RHEL4 database]# ls  
doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html  
[root@RHEL4 database]# w  
16:03:35 up 9 min,  3 users,  load average: 0.21, 0.48, 0.31  
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT  
root     :0       -                16:00   ?xdm?  31.12s  0.51s /usr/bin/gnome-session  
root     192.168. 192.168.1.3      16:01    0.00s  0.00s  0.37s /usr/bin/gnome-session  
root     pts/1    192.168.1.3:1.0  16:02    0.00s  0.04s  0.02s w
[root@RHEL4 database]# xhost +  
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host  
[root@RHEL4 database]# export DISPLAY=192.168.1.3:1.0
[root@RHEL4 database]# su – oracle   //切換到oracle用戶      
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ cd /oraapp/  
[oracle@RHEL4 oraapp]$ ls  
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  database  //此爲解壓後的文件

3-正式安裝Oracle 10g R2數據庫
[oracle@RHEL4 oraapp]$ cd database/  
[oracle@RHEL4 database]$ ./runInstaller

//稍候……就出現以下圖所示界面:

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//默認之,由於咱們前面設置了環境變量,因此會自動出來了

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//選企業版,以下圖所示

或者 定製 !以下圖所示:

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//默認之,以下圖所示:

//選 iSQL*Plus 10.2.0.1.0 ,以下圖所示:

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//檢查最後結果應該是:成功!以下圖所示:

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//默認之,以下圖所示:

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//僅安裝Oracle數據庫軟件,以下圖所示:

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//下面咱們只須要點擊 安裝,以下圖所示:

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//到以下圖所示時,不要點 OK !切記! 咱們從新開一個窗口

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//執行第1個腳本,以下圖所示:

右擊 桌面空白處---> 打開終端 ,以下圖所示:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# su - oracle  
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ pwd  
/home/oracle  
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ su  
Password:  
[root@RHEL4 oracle]# pwd  
/home/oracle  
[root@RHEL4 oracle]# cd /u01/app/oracle  
[root@RHEL4 oracle]# cd oraInventory/  
[root@RHEL4 oraInventory]# ls  
Contents                 oraInst.loc  
ContentsXML             orainstRoot.sh      
install.platform         oui  
logs                     sessionContext.ser  
oraInstaller.properties  
[root@RHEL4 oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh  //執行腳本      
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInvent ory to 770.  
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventor y to oinstall.  
The execution of the script is complete  
[root@RHEL4 oraInventory]#

//執行第2個腳本,以下圖所示:

p_w_picpath

//下面咱們就能夠點擊 OK 按鈕了,以下圖所示:

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//點擊 退出 後,oracle數據庫安裝已完成了!以下圖所示:

PS:

   上圖中的5560端口,查詢方法:

p_w_picpath

3、建庫:

1-設置環境變量

//在.bash_profile最後面添加:

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ vi  .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions  
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then  
       . ~/.bashrc  
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH  
unset USERNAME  
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle  
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1  
export ORACLE_SID=jiagulun  
export NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk  
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.    //此爲添加的1行

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ exit   //退出      
logout  
[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle   //再用oracle用戶賬戶登陸!      
2-
運行數據庫配置助手(dbca),
以下圖所示:

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ dbca

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//選擇  建立數據庫 ,以下圖所示:

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//選擇 通常用途(General Purpose)

p_w_picpath

//給數據庫起個名稱:jiagulun

p_w_picpath

//推薦使用EM,不管是實驗環境,仍是生產環境中!

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//全部用戶都使用同一個口令:oracle

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//選擇 文件系統(File System),生產環境 選 ASM 或 裸設備

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//選第2項:全部數據庫文件使用公共位置

p_w_picpath

//默認,指定快速恢復區

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//選擇 示例方案 ,實際生產中不會選 示例方案!

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//選第2項有國外機構的選它),國內企業通常選第3項強烈建議:在此就選好,不然之後調整會出現問題。

p_w_picpath

//默認:控制文件、數據文件、重作日誌組

p_w_picpath

//開始  建立數據庫 ,以下圖所示:

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//檢查下正確與否,正確,則點擊 OK  !

//請等待……,以下圖所示:

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//直到出現……以下圖所示:

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至此,Oracle 10g R2數據庫安裝和建庫所有完成!

4、下面咱們去訪問Oracle 10g R2數據庫

1-在IE中輸入http://192.168.1.224:1158/em

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註釋:

爲什麼會出現:Enterprise Manager沒法鏈接到數據庫實例。下面列出了組件的狀態。???

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1)用戶經過IE瀏覽器 鏈接 EM,而EM經過 監聽(Listener)找到 Oracle數據庫;

2)前3個(Database、Listener和EM)在同一臺服務器上,EM在安裝Oracle數據庫時,就安裝了;

  由上面報錯可分析出來,多是監聽出問題了!(事實上咱們尚未配置監聽^_^)

2-配置監聽

//運行命令netca來配置監聽

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ netca

//選第1項 配置監聽

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//選第1項: 添加

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//起個監聽名稱:LISTENER

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//默認之,下一步

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//默認之,下一步

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//下一步,以下圖所示:

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//出現以下圖所示,則說明監聽配置完成了!

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3-本地Net服務名配置

1)本地Net服務名配置

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ netca

//選第3項:本地Net服務名配置

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//默認之,添加

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//起個服務名爲:jiagulun

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//默認之,下一步

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//主機名:192.168.1.224

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//不測試,以下圖所示:

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//網絡服務名爲:jiagulun

p_w_picpath

//咱們不配置另外一個Net服務名,以下圖所示:

p_w_picpath

//出現以下圖所示,則說明Net服務配置完成

p_w_picpath

p_w_picpath

 至此,本地Net服務名配置完成!

2)因而去看看檢驗之,以下面所示:

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ lsnrctl status   //查看監聽狀態

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:31:01

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
STATUS of the LISTENER  
------------------------  
Alias                     LISTENER  
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production  
Start Date                11-AUG-2013 21:56:58  
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 34 min. 3 sec  
Trace Level               off  
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication  
SNMP                      OFF  
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora  
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log  
Listening Endpoints Summary...  
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))  
Services Summary...  
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
Service "jiagulun" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
Service "jiagulunXDB" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
Service "jiagulun_XPT" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
The command completed successfully  
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

3)中止、啓動監聽及查看監聽狀態

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ lsnrctl stop  //關閉監聽程序

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:39:05

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
The command completed successfully  
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$lsnrctl start   //啓動監聽

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:42:21

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production  
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora  
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log  
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
STATUS of the LISTENER  
------------------------  
Alias                     LISTENER  
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production  
Start Date                11-AUG-2013 22:42:21  
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec  
Trace Level               off  
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication  
SNMP                      OFF  
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora  
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log  
Listening Endpoints Summary...  
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))  
Services Summary...  
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
The command completed successfully  
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ lsnrctl status   //再查看監聽狀態

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:44:54

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
STATUS of the LISTENER  
------------------------  
Alias                     LISTENER  
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production  
Start Date                11-AUG-2013 22:42:21  
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 33 sec  
Trace Level               off  
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication  
SNMP                      OFF  
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora  
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log  
Listening Endpoints Summary...  
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))  
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))  
Services Summary...  
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
Service "jiagulun" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
Service "jiagulunXDB" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
Service "jiagulun_XPT" has 1 instance(s).  
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  
The command completed successfully  
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

  由上面查聽監聽狀態,可知監聽服務已經在工做了!

4-咱們再在IE中輸入http://192.168.1.224:1158/em

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//接受/贊成

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//下面是我把語言改成中文時的界面,以下圖所示:

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 好啦!《Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安裝Oracle 10g R2詳解》到此結束了!

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