Linux主機mysql數據庫安裝以及初始化

1.下載安裝包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/  下載對應的軟件包

2.解壓至主機指定目錄

#tar xf mysql-8.0.19-el7-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/

3.重命名目錄名

#cd /usr/local/
#mv mysql-8.0.19-el7-x86_64/  mysql

4.建立系統用戶mysql，並設置密碼

#useradd -r mysql
#passwd mysql

5.給mysql目錄文件受權

#cd /usr/local
#chown -R mysql: mysql/

6.建立mysql data目錄

#mkdir -pv /data/mysql
    #chown -R mysql: /data/mysql

7.初始化MySQL數據庫，並記住初始的mysql root用戶密碼

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

root@localhost: %!P=h1GxrXzr（從屏幕中獲取）

8.修改系統配置文件

#cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
#touch my-default.cnf
#cp my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

編輯my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

9.配置mysql 自啓動服務

#cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

#vim /etc/init.d/mysql     （修改下列兩行）
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql

#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

10.設置環境變量

有兩種方式，第一種在/etc/profile.d/中添加一個文件
#vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh    #生效環境變量

第二種在/etc/profile中進行配置
vi /etc/profile
PATH=/data/mysql/bin:/data/mysql/lib:$PATH
source /etc/profile

11.主機登陸mysql數據庫：

#mysql -h localhost -u root -p
輸入上一步的密碼

修改mysql root密碼，不修改初始密碼，則沒法對庫進行操做
mysql>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

設置mysql root用戶能夠遠程登陸mysql庫
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user from user;
mysql>update user set host='%' where user='root';
mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>  select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.使用Navicat遠程登陸mysql