zabbix安裝配置及郵件報警

zabbix安裝配置簡單，參照官網手冊就行了，關鍵是記錄下過程當中遇到的奇葩問題
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/start

centos5.8 x86_64    lnmp環境  
zabbix2.0.5源碼包安裝
http://sourceforge.net/settings/mirror_choices?projectname=zabbix&filename=ZABBIX%20Latest%20Stable/2.0.5/zabbix-2.0.5.tar.gz

1、zabbix安裝
1）賬號建立：
groupadd zabbix
useradd -g zabbix zabbix
2)建立zabbix數據庫（注意：將zabbix數據庫按順序導入，不然可能會出錯）
mysql>create database zabbix;
mysql>exit;
#mysql -uroot -p zabbix<database/mysql/schema.sql
#mysql -uroot -p zabbix<database/mysql/p_w_picpaths.sql
#mysql -uroot -p zabbix<database/mysql/data.sql
3）源碼安裝：
#tar -zxvf zabbix-2.0.5.tar.gz
#cd zabbix-2.0.5
#./configure --enable-server --enable-agent --with-mysql --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl
#make install
安裝路徑默認在：/usr/local/{sbin,etc,....}下

2、配置文件更改
#vi /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
ListenPort=10051
LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
DebugLevel=4                          #調試時能夠將dubug log值開啓高一點
PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.pid
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=root
DBPassword=123456
DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
DBPort=3306
ListenIP=42.120.x.x

啓動服務：
/usr/local/sbin/zabbix_server -c /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf

3、配置zabbix的web管理訪問
#cd zabbix-2.0.5
#cp -a frontends/php /home/wwwroot/zabbix  
zabbix的web前端是用php寫的，將其代碼文件拷貝到可訪問的web目錄下便可, /home/wwwroot/zabbix是個人web目錄
#chown www.www -R /home/wwwroot/zabbix
個人lnmp環境，nginx建立虛擬主機訪問：

log_format  monitor.yr.com  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
             '$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer '
             '$http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for';
server
        {
                listen       80;
                server_name monitor.yr.com;
                index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
                root  /home/wwwroot/zabbix/;

                location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
                        {
                                try_files $uri =404;
                                fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
                                fastcgi_index index.php;
                                include fcgi.conf;
                        }

                location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
                        {
                                expires      30d;
                        }

                location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
                        {
                                expires      12h;
                        }
                access_log  /home/wwwlogs/monitor.yr.com.log  monitor.yr.com;
        }

/etc/init.d/nginx reload
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
WEB訪問:http://monitor.yr.com  默認用戶名admin 密碼zabbix
按照提示輸入數據庫的鏈接信息及主機端口,依次：
Database type : mysql
Database host : localhost
Database name : zabbix
User          : root
Password      : 123456
Host          : 42.120.x.x
Port          : 10051
完成後這些信息是會記錄到對應的前端php代碼文件中：

#more /home/wwwroot/zabbix/conf/zabbix.conf.php
<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file
global $DB;
$DB['TYPE']     = 'MYSQL';
$DB['SERVER']   = 'localhost';
$DB['PORT']     = '3306';
$DB['DATABASE'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['USER']     = 'root';
$DB['PASSWORD'] = '123456';
// SCHEMA is relevant only for IBM_DB2 database
$DB['SCHEMA'] = '';
$ZBX_SERVER      = '42.120.x.x';
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT = '10051';
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME = '';
$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;
?>

4、利用postfix配置郵件服務器發送報警
postfix安裝略，可直接yum install postfix
配置文件更改：

#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
myhostname = internal.yr.com         #郵件域名
mydomain = internal.yr.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
#注意，這裏權限開放錯誤的話，會致使郵件發送不出去，開始時沒理解，只設了容許本機IP，致使其它機器測試telnet 25過來全不通，WEB管理界面Monitoring-->Events-->Time可查看出錯信息
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
mynetworks = 42.120.x.x, 127.0.0.1
relay_domains = $mydestination, 42.120.x.x, internal.yr.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
home_mailbox = Maildir/

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP unknow
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command =
         PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
         xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES

/etc/init.d/postfix start

================
過程當中出現的問題
================
若是出現管理界面zabbix服務未啓動：Zabbix server is not running the information displayed may not be current
Zabbix Server is running的值爲NO
注意檢查：
1）/etc/hosts文件
#127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
42.120.x.x    aliyun      #localhost注意更改爲本身的主機名,這個問題折騰了好久，42.120.x.x是我本機的外網IP
127.0.0.1 internal.yr.com localhost.localdomain localhost    後面郵件告警設置時指定的域名

2）查看日誌/tmp/zabbix_server.log分析錯誤，本地測下mysql權限是否開放
#mysql -h 42.120.x.x -P 3306 -u root -p
#fgrep -A 5 DBconnect /tmp/zabbix_server.log            檢查數據庫鏈接信息
調試過程：
mysql>grant all on zabbix.* to 'root'@'42.120.x.x';     #如沒有權限則需賦權
mysql>drop user root@'42.120.x.x';
mysql>create user root@'42.120.x.x' identified by '123456';
mysql>show grants for root@42.120.x.x;
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to root@'42.120.x.x';
mysql>flush privileges;
smysql>show grants for root@localhost;
若是不但願以root賬號來鏈接數據庫，能夠建立zabbix賬號來鏈接zabbix數據庫，賦予權限. web管理界面鏈接時更改成zabbix賬號來鏈接
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for zabbix@localhost;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zabbix@localhost                                                                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*DEEF4D7D88CD046ECA02A80393B7780A63E7E789' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `zabbix`.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost'                                                    |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

本地測試
#mysql -h localhost -uzabbix -p

3）telnet localhost 10051    檢查zabbix端口是否開通
防火牆對應端口10050是否開放或selinux是否關閉

郵件發送不出去問題：
sendmail yr@mail.xx.com 或mail -s "test" yr@mail.xx.com 服務器上測試郵件發出是正常的能夠收到，日誌文件中也查看不出錯誤，查看web界面envents記錄以下：

 

 如上提示鏈接不上smtp服務器，測試telnet  42.120.x.x  25確實如此，前面已經提到須要更改postfix配置文件中inet_interfaces = all ,或者限制開放部分IP訪問25端口的權限。還有注意hosts裏的localhost  

附：經常使用詳細參數說明  ListenPort=10051 LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log LogFileSize=32 PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid DBHost=10.80.100.247 DBName=zabbix                            zabbix所屬數據庫名稱 DBUser=zabbix                            zabbix所屬數據庫用戶 DBPassword=xxxxxx                        zabbix數據庫密碼 DBSocket=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.sock DBPort=3306 StartPollers=512                         輪詢的初始值（0-1000） #StartIPMIPollers=4                      IPMI輪詢的初始值（0-1000） StartPollersUnreachable=40               輪詢不可達的主機數（包括IPMI 0-1000） #StartTrappers=8                         捕獲的初始值（0-1000） StartPingers=20                          ping的初始值（0-1000） StartDiscoverers=40                      自動發現的初始值（0-250） ListenIP=10.80.x.x HousekeepingFrequency=2 CacheSize=64M                            緩存大小 StartDBSyncers=8                         數據庫同步時間 HistoryCacheSize=64M TrendCacheSize=64M                       總趨勢緩存大小 HistoryTextCacheSize=64M Timeout=30 AlertScriptsPath=/var/lib/zabbixsrv/alertscripts       腳本的存放位置 ExternalScripts=/var/lib/zabbixsrv/externalscripts FpingLocation=/usr/sbin/fping LogSlowQueries=5000                                    日誌慢查詢設定 Include=/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf Include=/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d