apache使用mod_proxy反向代理tomcat

時間  2021-02-02
標籤 html 前端 java node web express apache vim 後端 tomcat 欄目 Apache 简体版
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  說明：所使用的操做系統爲Centos6.3,準備三臺虛擬機，202.207.178.8（作爲前端安裝apache，做爲代理），node1:202.207.178.6（已經安裝了Tomcat,並能夠訪問到其默認頁面，做爲後端），node2：202.207.178.7（已經安裝了Tomcat,並能夠訪問到其默認頁面，做爲後端）html

Tomcat相關安裝配置詳見本人博客：http://10927734.blog.51cto.com/10917734/1874112前端

1、配置後端Tomcat（兩臺配置基本相同，爲了以示區別，將二者顯示可設爲不一樣）java

一、編輯配置文件，自定義Host，並檢查有無語法錯誤node

# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web

# vim server.xmlexpress

#將引擎的默認主機改成本身定義的主機apache

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.fsy.com" vim

              jvmRoute="TomcatA">後端

#自定義一個Hosttomcat

<Host name="www.fsy.com"  appBase="/web"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

 <Context path="" docBase="webapps" reLoadable="true" />

</Host>

# catalina.sh configtest

二、提供訪問頁面

# mkdir -pv /web/webapps

# cd /web/webapps/

# vim index.jsp

添加如下內容：

<%@ page language="java" %>

<html>

 <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>

 <body>

<h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>

<table align="centre" border="1">

 <tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>

<td><%= session.getId() %></td>

 </tr>

 <tr>

<td>Created on</td>

<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

</tr>

</table>

 </body>

</html>

三、啓動Tomcat服務，便可進行訪問測試了

# service tomcat start

http://202.207.178.7:8080/

2、配置前端Apache

一、解決依賴關係

httpd-2.4.4須要較新版本的apr和apr-util，所以須要事先對其進行升級。這裏使用

        源碼包進行升級（apr-1.5.2，apr-util-1.5.4 ）

(1) 編譯安裝apr

# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2

# cd apr-1.5.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

(2) 編譯安裝apr-util

# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2

# cd apr-util-1.5.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util 

             --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

(3)httpd-2.4.4編譯過程也要依賴於pcre-devel軟件包，須要事先安裝。

#yum -y install pcre-devel

(4)可在編譯安裝httpd時會報錯：checking for OpenSSL version >=0.9.7 ...

#yum -y install openssl-devel

#yum update openssl

二、若是發現之前使用rpm包裝過httpd的解決辦法（從新安裝一次便可）

# rpm -e httpd --nodeps

# rm -rf /etc/httpd/

# make install

三、編譯安裝httpd-2.4.4

# tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2

# cd httpd-2.4.4

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so          --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre 

         --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 

         --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy 

         --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer  

         --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm  

         --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog

# make && make install


四、提供SysV服務腳本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd，內容以下：

#!/bin/bash

#

# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server

#

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve \

#       HTML files and CGI.

# processname: httpd

# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid


# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions


if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/httpd

fi


# Start httpd in the C locale by default.

HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}


# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if

# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.

INITLOG_ARGS=""


# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server

# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not

# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.


# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.

apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0


start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd                 $OPTIONS

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}

return $RETVAL

}


stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then

RETVAL=$?

echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"

failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax                 error"

else

killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

fi

echo

}


# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

 start)

start

;;

 stop)

stop

;;

 status)

status -p ${pidfile} $httpd

RETVAL=$?

;;

 restart)

stop

start

;;

 condrestart)

if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then

stop

start

fi

;;

 reload)

reload

;;

 graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)

$apachectl $@

RETVAL=$?

;;

 *)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"

exit 1

esac


exit $RETVAL


五、然後爲此腳本賦予執行權限並加入服務列表，即可啓動服務了！：

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

# chkconfig --add httpd

# service httpd start

六、配置apache經過mod_proxy模塊與Tomcat鏈接（代理至202.207.178.7）

要使用mod_proxy與Tomcat實例鏈接，須要apache已經裝載mod_proxy、            mod_proxy_http、mod_proxy_ajp和proxy_balancer_module

        （實現Tomcat集羣時用到）等模塊

（1）查看上述模塊是否已經裝載：

# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -D DUMP_MODULES | grep  proxy

proxy_module (shared)

proxy_connect_module (shared)

proxy_ftp_module (shared)

proxy_http_module (shared)

proxy_fcgi_module (shared)

proxy_scgi_module (shared)

proxy_ajp_module (shared)

proxy_balancer_module (shared)

proxy_express_module (shared)

（2）修改主配置文件

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

註釋中心主機：

#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"

添加虛擬主機相關的內容：

Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

添加pid文件：

PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"

（3）添加從配置文件：

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

ProxyVia On

ProxyRequests Off

ProxyPass / http://202.207.178.7:8080/

ProxyPa***everse / http://202.207.178.7:8080/

<Proxy *>

Require all granted

</Proxy>

<Location  / >

Require all granted

</Location>

</VirtualHost>

（4）啓動httpd服務

# service httpd restart

啓動報錯，查看/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log發現報錯，須要啓動兩個模塊

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

   LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

        LoadModule socache_shmcb_modulemodules/mod_socache_shmcb.so

訪問http://202.207.178.8/，能夠訪問到後端！

七、配置apache經過mod_proxy模塊與Tomcat鏈接，實現負載均衡

（1）修改從配置文件，改成如下內容

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

ProxyRequests Off

<proxy balancer://lbcluster1>

BalancerMember ajp://202.207.178.6:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA

BalancerMember ajp://202.207.178.7:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB

ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests

</proxy>

<VirtualHost *:80>

#沒啥用，能夠不定義

ServerName localhost

ProxyVia On

ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/

ProxyPa***everse / balancer://lbcluster1/

<Proxy *>

Require all granted

</Proxy>

<Location  / >

Require all granted

</Location>

</VirtualHost>

訪問http://202.207.178.8/，能夠訪問到後端，並實現負載均衡！

八、提供後端狀態頁面

（1）修改配置文件，在虛擬主機中添加如下內容

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

       <Location /balancer-manager>

SetHandler balancer-manager

Proxypass !

Require all granted

</Location>

（2）重啓服務，便可訪問測試了

http://202.207.178.8/balancer-manager，能夠訪問到一個狀態頁面

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