nmon是收集AIX或Linux主機的性能數據並分析的工具,使用簡單易用。主要有兩個,一個是nmon採集數據的工具,通常名稱爲nmon_**,例如nmon_aix5.3,另外一個是分析結果的工具,它是一個excel的文件,名稱爲:nmon analyser v33A.xls。html
nmon在一個屏幕上顯示全部重要的性能優化信息,並動態地對其進行更新。還能夠將相同的數據捕獲到一個文本文件,便於之後對報告進行分析和繪製圖形。linux
nmon_analyser 工具以 NMON 性能工具生成的文件做爲輸入,而後將它們轉換爲 Microsoft Excel 電子表格,並自動地生成相應的圖形。shell
nmon 工具能夠爲 AIX 和 Linux 性能專家提供監視和分析性能數據的功能,其中包括: 性能優化
l CPU 使用率 服務器
l 內存使用狀況 網絡
l 內核統計信息和運行隊列信息 app
l 磁盤 I/O 速度、傳輸和讀/寫比率 less
l 文件系統中的可用空間 async
l 磁盤適配器
l 網絡 I/O 速度、傳輸和讀/寫比率
l 頁面空間和頁面速度
l 消耗資源最多的進程
l 計算機詳細信息和資源
IBM 沒有提供對該工具的正式支持,而且您在使用它的時候必須本身承擔相應的風險,可是您能夠從中得到大量有價值的性能統計信息。其中,nmon for linux版本已經在2009年7月27日開放源碼。
本文檔爲使用nmon做爲性能測試中監控linux服務器的應用,提供使用規範和幫助。
詞彙 |
解釋 |
Nmon |
性能數據收集分析工具 |
Nmon analyser |
性能數據分析工具,excel文件 |
nmon_x86_sles10 |
Nmon在x86_sles10下二進制執行文件 |
Nmon在IBM的官方網站
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/WikiPtype/nmon
nmon for linux的官方網站
http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php
文章一:《nmon 性能:分析 AIX 和 Linux 性能的免費工具》
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/aix/library/analyze_aix/
文章二:《nmon analyser——生成 AIX 性能報告的免費工具》
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/aix/library/nmon_analyser/index.html:
下載nmon工具的可執行文件nmon_x86_sles10。
http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Download
也能夠下載源碼本身編譯特定的版本。(推薦這個)
http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php?n=Site.CompilingNmon
下載nmon Analyser V3.3
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/Wikiptype/nmonanalyser
下載nmon Consolidator
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/WikiPtype/nmonconsolidator
ibm的其餘性能測試工具
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/WikiPtype/Performance+Other+Tools
該工具是一個獨立的二進制文件(不一樣的 AIX 或 Linux 版本中該文件也有所不一樣)。安裝過程很是簡單:
1. 將 nmon_x86_sles10文件複製到計算機,rz—>在彈出框選擇nmon_x86_sles10。
2. 修改nmon_x86_sles10的文件權限,chmod 777 ./nmon_x86_sles10
3. 要啓動 nmon 工具,輸入 ./ nmon_x86_sles10。
Nmon能夠交互式運行
l 啓動該工具 ./ nmon_x86_sles10
l 使用單鍵命令來查看您所須要的數據。例如,要獲取 CPU、內存和磁盤統計信息,啓動 nmon 並輸入: c m d
l 獲取相關的幫助信息,按 h 鍵。
使用下面這些鍵來切換顯示狀態:
c = CPU l = CPU Long-term - = Faster screen updates
m = Memory j = Filesystems + = Slower screen updates
d = Disks n = Network V = Virtual Memory
r = Resource N = NFS v = Verbose hints
k = kernel t = Top-processes . = only busy disks/procs
h = more options q = Quit
捕獲數據到文件,只要運行帶 -f 標誌的 nmon 命令。執行nmon –f ***後,nmon 將轉爲後臺運行。要查看該進程是否仍在運行,能夠輸入: ps -ef | grep nmon。
示例:
每1秒捕獲數據快照,捕獲20次
nmon –f -s 1 -c 20
每30秒捕獲數據快照,捕獲120次,包含進程信息
nmon –ft -s 30 -c 120
命令將在當前目錄中建立輸出文件,其名稱爲: <hostname>_date_time.nmon。該文件採用逗號分隔值 (CSV) 的格式,而且能夠將其直接導入到電子表格中,可進行分析和繪製圖形
進入界面
監控界面一
監控界面二
nmon_analyser 工具以 NMON 性能工具生成的文件做爲輸入,而後將它們轉換爲 Microsoft Excel 電子表格,並自動地生成相應的圖形。
使用wps未能正確執行腳本生成*.xls文件。建議Excel™ 2000 或更高版本,必須在打開nmon_analyser選擇啓用宏。
nmon_analyser 工具設計用於最新版本的 nmon,但出於向後兼容性的考慮,也使用舊版本對其進行了測試。每當在對 nmon 進行更新時,同時也將對該工具進行更新,
參閱 nmon –h
Hint: nmon_x86_sles10 [-h] [-s <seconds>] [-c <count>] [-f -d <disks> -t -r <name>] [-x]
-h FULL help information
Interactive-Mode:
read startup banner and type: "h" once it is running
For Data-Collect-Mode (-f)
-f spreadsheet output format [note: default -s300 -c288]
optional
-s <seconds> between refreshing the screen [default 2]
-c <number> of refreshes [default millions]
-d <disks> to increase the number of disks [default 256]
-t spreadsheet includes top processes
-x capacity planning (15 min for 1 day = -fdt -s 900 -c 96)
Version - nmon 12c
For Interactive-Mode
-s <seconds> between refreshing the screen [default 2]
-c <number> of refreshes [default millions]
-g <filename> User Defined Disk Groups [hit g to show them]
- file = on each line: group_name <disks list> sapce separated
- like: database sdb sdc sdd sde
- upto 32 disk groups, disks can appear more than once
-b black and white [default is colour]
example: nmon_x86_sles10 -s 1 -c 100
For Data-Collect-Mode = spreadsheet format (comma separated values)
Note: use only one of f,F,z,x or X and make it the first argument
-f spreadsheet output format [note: default -s300 -c288]
output file is <hostname>_YYYYMMDD_HHMM.nmon
-F <filename> same as -f but user supplied filename
-r <runname> goes into spreadsheet file [default hostname]
-t include top processes in the output
-T as -t plus saves command line arguments in UARG section
-s <seconds> between snap shots
-c <number> of refreshes
-d <disks> to increase the number of disks [default 256]
-l <dpl> disks/line default 150 to avoid spreadsheet issues. EMC=64.
-g <filename> User Defined Disk Groups (see above)
-N include NFS Network File System
-I <percent> Include precoess and disks busy threshold (default 0.1)
don't save or show proc/disk using less than this percent
-m <directory> nmon changes to this directory before saving to file
-D Skip disk configuration sections
example: collect for 1 hour at 30 second intervals with top procs
nmon_x86_sles10 -f -t -r Test1 -s30 -c120
To load into a spreadsheet like Lotus 1-2-3:
sort -A *nmon >stats.csv
transfer the stats.csv file to your PC
Start 1-2-3 and then Open <char-separated-value ASCII file>
Capacity planning mode - use cron to run each day
-x sensible spreadsheet output for CP = one day
every 15 mins for 1 day ( i.e. -ft -s 900 -c 96)
-X sensible spreadsheet output for CP = busy hour
every 30 secs for 1 hour ( i.e. -ft -s 30 -c 120)
Set-up and installation
- this adds the disk % busy numbers (otherwise they are zero)
If you have hundreds of disk this can take 1% to 2% CPU
Interactive Mode Commands
key --- Toggles to control what is displayed ---
h = Online help information
r = Machine type, machine name, cache details and OS version + LPAR
c = CPU by processor stats with bar graphs
l = long term CPU (over 75 snapshots) with bar graphs
m = Memory stats
V = Virtual Memory and Swap stats
k = Kernel Internal stats
n = Network stats and errors
N = NFS Network File System
d = Disk I/O Graphs
D = Disk I/O Stats
o = Disk I/O Map (one character per disk showing how busy it is)
b = black and white mode (or use -b option)
. = minimum mode i.e. only busy disks and processes
key --- Other Controls ---
+ = double the screen refresh time
- = halves the screen refresh time
q = quit (also x, e or control-C)
0 = reset peak counts to zero (peak = ">")
space = refresh screen now
Startup Control
If you find you always type the same toggles every time you start
then place them in the NMON shell variable. For example:
export NMON=cmdrvtan
Others:
a) To you want to stop nmon - kill -USR2 <nmon-pid>
b) Use -p and nmon outputs the background process pid
c) To limit the processes nmon lists (online and to a file)
Either set NMONCMD0 to NMONCMD63 to the program names
or use -C cmd:cmd:cmd etc. example: -C ksh:vi:syncd
d) If you want to pipe nmon output to other commands use a FIFO:
mkfifo /tmp/mypipe
nmon -F /tmp/mypipe &
grep /tmp/mypipe
e) If nmon fails please report it with:
1) nmon version like: 12c
2) the output of cat /proc/cpuinfo
3) some clue of what you were doing
4) I may ask you to run the debug version
Copyright 2009 Nigel Griffiths
GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Feedback welcome - http:/nmon.sourceforge.net
No warranty given or implied.
附錄二:nmon參數:
參考http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/Wikiptype/nmonanalyser
nmon:
-f spreadsheet output format [note: default -s300 -c288]
Output file is <hostname>_YYYYMMDD_HHMM.nmon
-F <filename> same as -f but user supplied filename
-c <number> number of snapshots
-d requests disk service and wait times (DISKSERV and DISKWAIT)
-i <percent> Ignore processes using less than this amount of CPU when generating TOP section – useful for reducing data volumes
-g <filename> file containing disk group definitions
-l <dpl> number of hdisks per sheet - defaults to 150, maximum 250. See notes
-m <dir> NMON changes to this directory before saving the file
-r <runname> goes into spreadsheet file [default hostname]
-s <seconds> interval between snap shots
-x capacity planning (15 mins for 1 day = -fdt -s900 -c96)
-t include top processes in the output
-T as –t plus saves command line arguments in UARG section
-A include data for async I/O (PROCAIO) sections
-D prevents DISK sections being produced (useful when Disk Groups are being used because there are too many hdisks to process)
-E stops ESS sections being produced (necessary when Disk Groups are being used because there are too many vpaths to process)
-J prevents JFS sections being produced (prevents Excel errors when you have more than 255 filesystems)
-L includes LARGEPAGE section
-N include NFS sections
-S include WLM sections with subclasses
-W include WLM sections without subclasses
-Y include SUMMARY section (very efficient alternative to –t if PID level data is not required)
example: nmon_aix51 -F asterix.nmon -r Test1 -s6 -c12