使用uWSGI+nginx部署Django項目

最近使用django寫了一些項目,不過部署到服務器上碰到一些問題,還有靜態文件什麼的一堆問題,這裏總結一下碰到的問題和解決方案,整體思路是按照官方文檔走的。html

原文地址:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.htmlpython

講的很清楚,不過仍是須要一些注意的地方nginx

 

對於uwsgi+nginx的部署方式,它的訪問關係大概是:web

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

  

若是你須要使用virtualenv:django

virtualenv uwsgi-tutorial
cd uwsgi-tutorial
source bin/activate

  

安裝django:ubuntu

pip install Django
django-admin.py startproject mysite
cd mysite

  

這裏假設的你域名是:example.com,在後面的你能夠換成你的域名或者IP地址。vim

原教程中使用的是8000端口號,咱們這直接使用80端口。bash

基於uwsgi

安裝uwsgi服務器

pip install uwsgi

 

先作個測試uwsgi是否能正常使用,建立一個test.py文件(在哪創你本身決定啊,反正配置完要刪的):微信

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

  

下面咱們使用uwsgi:

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

  

參數解釋:

http :8000:指示用的是8000端口

wsgi-file test.py:加載指定文件 test.py

 

而後你就能夠嘗試訪問了:

http://example.com:8000

  

接下來咱們在django項目上嘗試一下

新建的django項目須要先:

python manage.py migrate
python manage.py runserver

  

若是可以運行:

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

  

參數:

module mysite.wsgi :指定wsgi

嘗試訪問:

http://example.com:8000

  

如今的結構相似於:

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django

  

基於 nginx

安裝nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

  

也能夠用nginx服務命令好比

sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart

  

如今訪問http://127.0.0.1/就能看到默認的nginx主頁

而後咱們來配置nginx文件,先對原始配置文件作個備份

sudo cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.bak

  

而後編輯配置文件

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

  

# default

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      80 default_server;
    listen      [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }

一下是個人配置信息供參考

upstream django {
    server unix:///home/ubuntu/blogsite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    #server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;

        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index index.html index.htm;

        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        server_name localhost;

        charset utf-8;

        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

        client_max_body_size 75M;

        location /media {
                alias /home/ubuntu/blogsite/media;
        }

        location /static {
                alias /home/ubuntu/blogsite/static;
        }

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                #try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
                # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
                # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
                uwsgi_pass      django;
                include         /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
        }

  

下面咱們對django進行一下配置,編輯django配置文件mysite/settings.py 加上:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

  

這些配置信息具體用處可在個人另外一篇文章中看到。

而後執行命令

python manage.py collectstatic

  

而後重啓nginx

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

  

如今能夠在django項目中放幾個靜態文件,看是否能訪問:

好比將一個media.png的圖片放在mysite/media 文件夾中(沒有media文件夾能夠本身建立一個)

而後訪問

http://example.com/media/media.png

  

就能訪問到這個圖片。

nginx,uwsgi和test.py

還記得咱們建立的test.py文件,如今咱們再讓它發揮一下做用

再test.py 的目錄下執行命令:

uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

  

這裏使用的8001端口號跟上面的配置文件中的

upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

 

相對應,咱們如今是用的端口socket因此使用下面的配置,之後會使用到文件socket

而後咱們訪問網站就能看到test.py 文件返回的內容了

此次咱們的訪問順序相似於:

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python

  

注:若是上文中的8001端口不能使用可改用其餘端口號

使用unix sockets文件代替端口

前面咱們使用了tcp端口,十分簡單,可是咱們最好使用sockets文件,這樣能減小資源消耗

咱們將default的配置稍做修改

server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)

  

而後在django目錄中使用命令

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py

 

而後訪問網站,

注:若是不能訪問(通常來講訪問不了!!),咱們check一下nginx的錯誤日誌,

vim /var/log/nginx/error.log

  

若是在裏面看到相似於

connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)

  

那是權限問題,咱們改用下面的命令

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666

  

若是能正常訪問了,那咱們來試試使用wsgi來訪問django項目

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666

  

而後咱們使用.ini文件來配置uwsgi(差很少就能完成了),在項目目錄下建立mysite_uwsgi.ini

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module          = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
#home            = /path/to/virtualenv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
chmod-socket    = 666
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

  

一下是個人配置,供參考

[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /home/ubuntu/blogsite
# Django's wsgi file
module          = blogsite.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
# home            = /path/to/virtualenv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 2
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /home/ubuntu/blogsite/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
chmod-socket    = 666
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

而後,跑起來

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini

  

以上,使用uWSGI+nginx部署Django項目就算是完成了,還有其它的配置可參考官方文檔(好比怎樣服務開機自啓)

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html

歡迎多來訪問博客:http://liqiongyu.com/blog

微信公衆號:

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索