MPLS ××× 之Hub&Spoke配置及路由分析

時間 2020-01-24

標籤 mpls hub&spoke hub spoke 配置路由分析欄目系統網絡简体版

原文原文鏈接

所謂的Hub點就是匯聚Spoke節點的中心節點，而Spoke節點就是分支節點，若是在MPLS ×××中，Spoke節點須要經過中心節點Hub進行通訊，那麼就須要使用Hub&Spoke組網方式，在《MPLS和×××體系結構》這本書中叫作星型拓撲，本實驗的拓撲圖是基於這本書中的拓撲圖，因爲書中並無講配置，而且進得也很模糊，如今就用實驗進行分析，Spoke節點之間的流量是如何經過中心的CE進行通訊的，實驗拓撲圖以下：ide

實驗要求: 昆明分部的R7須要經過上海總部的R1和R2訪問貴陽分部的R6；oop

測試方法：在CE-R7帶上源地址7.7.7.7 ping R6上的環回接口6.6.6.6，並在traceroute 6.6.6.6 查看所通過的路徑是否經過R1和R2。測試

關於PE-R3上的VRF配置及RT的設計分析，在PE-R3與上海總部互連時，須要配置兩個不一樣的VRF，一個用於接收路由，一個用於發佈路由，所以route-target的設計很重要，若是在PE-R3與上海總部互連的兩個接口上配置同一個VRF的話，路由上就會存在問題，昆明分部想要經過上海總部訪問貴陽分部是沒法訪問的，所以咱們須要配置兩個不一樣的VRF，分別爲import_in用於路由的導入，export_out用於路由的導出，而且在設置route-target時，VRF import_in只配置import，不須要配置export，而export_out只需配置export，不須要配置import,具體參數見拓撲圖。ui

CE-R1：
interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
router bgp 120
 bgp router-id 1.1.1.1
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
 network 12.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
 network 13.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
 neighbor 12.1.1.2 remote-as 120
 neighbor 12.1.1.2 next-hop-self
 neighbor 13.1.1.2 remote-as 100

CE-R2:
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
 interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 23.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
router bgp 120
 bgp router-id 2.2.2.2
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 2.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255
 network 23.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
 neighbor 12.1.1.1 remote-as 120
 neighbor 12.1.1.1 next-hop-self
 neighbor 23.1.1.2 remote-as 100

PE-R3:
interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip vrf forwarding import_in
 ip address 13.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip vrf forwarding export_out
 ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
interface FastEthernet1/0
 ip address 34.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface FastEthernet1/1
 ip address 35.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
router ospf 1
 router-id 3.3.3.3
 network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 network 35.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
!
router bgp 100
 bgp router-id 3.3.3.3
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 no bgp default ipv4-unicast
 neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 100
 neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 remote-as 100
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 update-source Loopback0
address-family ***v4
  neighbor 4.4.4.4 activate
  neighbor 4.4.4.4 send-community extended
  neighbor 5.5.5.5 activate
  neighbor 5.5.5.5 send-community extended
 !        
 address-family ipv4 vrf export_out
  neighbor 23.1.1.1 remote-as 120
  neighbor 23.1.1.1 activate
address-family ipv4 vrf import_in
  neighbor 13.1.1.1 remote-as 120
  neighbor 13.1.1.1 activate

PE-R4:
interface Loopback0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 34.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip vrf forwarding Ting
 ip address 46.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
router ospf 1
 router-id 4.4.4.4
 network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
!
router bgp 100
 bgp router-id 4.4.4.4
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 no bgp default ipv4-unicast
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 100
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
address-family ***v4
  neighbor 3.3.3.3 activate
  neighbor 3.3.3.3 send-community extended
address-family ipv4 vrf Ting
  neighbor 46.1.1.2 remote-as 60
  neighbor 46.1.1.2 activate

CE-R5:
interface Loopback0
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 35.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!         
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip vrf forwarding Hai
 ip address 57.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
router ospf 1
 router-id 5.5.5.5
 network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 35.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
router bgp 100
 bgp router-id 5.5.5.5
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 no bgp default ipv4-unicast
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 100
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
address-family ***v4
  neighbor 3.3.3.3 activate
  neighbor 3.3.3.3 send-community extended
address-family ipv4 vrf Hai
  neighbor 57.1.1.2 remote-as 70
  neighbor 57.1.1.2 activate

CE-R6：
interface Loopback0
 ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 46.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
router bgp 60
 bgp router-id 6.6.6.6
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 6.6.6.6 mask 255.255.255.255
 network 46.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
 neighbor 46.1.1.1 remote-as 100

CE-R7:
interface Loopback0
 ip address 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 57.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
router bgp 70
 bgp router-id 7.7.7.7
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 7.7.7.7 mask 255.255.255.255
 network 57.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
 neighbor 57.1.1.1 remote-as 100

在PE-R3上查看BGP ***4鄰居狀況spa

R3#show ip bgp ***v4 all su設計

BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 100code

BGP table version is 61, main routing table version 61router

18 network entries using 3024 bytes of memoryxml

18 path entries using 1152 bytes of memoryblog

6/6 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 864 bytes of memory

3 BGP AS-PATH entries using 72 bytes of memory

2 BGP extended community entries using 48 bytes of memory

0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory

0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory

BGP using 5160 total bytes of memory

BGP activity 35/17 prefixes, 44/26 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

4.4.4.4 4 100 454 459 61 0 0 06:41:45 2

5.5.5.5 4 100 342 462 61 0 0 06:38:52 2

13.1.1.1 4 120 115 115 61 0 0 01:36:25 5

23.1.1.1 4 120 135 113 61 0 0 01:35:45 5

其四個鄰居創建成功，而且收到相應的路由；

R3#show ip bgp ***v4 all

BGP table version is 61, local router ID is 3.3.3.3

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,

x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

Route Distinguisher: 100:6

*>i 6.6.6.6/32 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

*>i 46.1.1.0/30 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

Route Distinguisher: 100:7

*>i 7.7.7.7/32 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

*>i 57.1.1.0/30 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

Route Distinguisher: 100:11 (default for vrf import_in)

*> 1.1.1.1/32 13.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 2.2.2.2/32 13.1.1.1 0 120 i

*>i 6.6.6.6/32 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

*>i 7.7.7.7/32 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

*> 12.1.1.0/30 13.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

r> 13.1.1.0/30 13.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 23.1.1.0/30 13.1.1.1 0 120 i

*>i 46.1.1.0/30 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*>i 57.1.1.0/30 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

Route Distinguisher: 100:22 (default for vrf export_out)

*> 1.1.1.1/32 23.1.1.1 0 120 i

*> 2.2.2.2/32 23.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 12.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 120 i

*> 13.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 120 i

r> 23.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

從以上可知RD爲100:11的有import_in 爲100:67，而PE-R4及PE-R5的export爲100:67，所以R6和R7的路由加入路由表項中，而RD 爲100:22的VRF中，並無設置import，不能從BGP ×××V4中導入任何路由，所以其收到的路由都是CE-R2經過EBGP傳遞過來的，其下跳都爲23.1.1.1；

在R2上查看BGP路由狀況

R2#show ip bgp all

For address family: IPv4 Unicast

BGP table version is 24, local router ID is 2.2.2.2

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,

x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*>i 1.1.1.1/32 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 i

*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i

*>i 6.6.6.6/32 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 60 i

*>i 7.7.7.7/32 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 70 i

r>i 12.1.1.0/30 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 i

*>i 13.1.1.0/30 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 i

*> 23.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i

*>i 46.1.1.0/30 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 60 i

*>i 57.1.1.0/30 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 70 i

從上可看出，其收到的路由都是來至於R1，而且經過ibgp傳遞過來，而且通過的AS號爲100 60；

在PE-R3查看VRF export_out的路由表項

R3#show ip route vrf export_out

Routing Table: export_out

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via 23.1.1.1, 01:41:20

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 2.2.2.2 [20/0] via 23.1.1.1, 01:41:20

12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 12.1.1.0 [20/0] via 23.1.1.1, 01:41:20

13.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 13.1.1.0 [20/0] via 23.1.1.1, 01:41:20

23.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 23.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

L 23.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

今後可知，路由表中並無R7及R6的路由，爲何R2從R1那兒收到了，沒有傳遞給R3呢？由於BGP的防環機制，由於R7及R6的路由也是通過PE-R3傳輸給CE-R1的，其屬性值帶得有AS 100，所以在R2傳遞給R3時，查看到其帶有自身AS號，拒絕將其加入路由表，那麼此時咱們在R6和R7上查看路由狀況，會是怎麼樣呢？

R7#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 01:46:35

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 2.2.2.2 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 01:46:35

7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 7.7.7.7 is directly connected, Loopback0

12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 12.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 01:46:35

13.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 13.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 01:46:35

23.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 23.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 01:46:35

57.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 57.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L 57.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R6#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 01:51:27

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 2.2.2.2 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 01:51:27

6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 12.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 01:51:27

13.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 13.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 01:51:27

23.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 23.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 01:51:27

46.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 46.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L 46.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

從上可知R7上並無收到R6的路由，R7也沒有收到R6的路由，但都能收到R1和R2的路由，其緣由是PE-R3上配置的VRF export_out的RT export 爲100:12，而在上面提到的VRF export_out中剛好有這些路由表項，在PE-R4和PE-R5上設置的import爲100:12，所以能將其加入路由表，傳輸給CE路由器；

如今須要將PE-R3的VRF export_out中收到R6和R7的路由，上面已經提到緣由了，由於BGP 的防環機制，所在須要在PE-R3上配置容許AS號相同的路由進入，以下配置：

R3(config)#router bgp 100

R3(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf export_out

R3(config-router-af)#neighbor 23.1.1.1 allowas-in 3 //容許其自治系統號重複的次數

如今查看PE-R3的路由狀況

R3#show ip bgp ***v4 all

BGP table version is 65, local router ID is 3.3.3.3

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,

x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

Route Distinguisher: 100:6

*>i 6.6.6.6/32 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

*>i 46.1.1.0/30 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

Route Distinguisher: 100:7

*>i 7.7.7.7/32 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

*>i 57.1.1.0/30 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

Route Distinguisher: 100:11 (default for vrf import_in)

*> 1.1.1.1/32 13.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 2.2.2.2/32 13.1.1.1 0 120 i

*>i 6.6.6.6/32 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

*>i 7.7.7.7/32 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

*> 12.1.1.0/30 13.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

r> 13.1.1.0/30 13.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 23.1.1.0/30 13.1.1.1 0 120 i

*>i 46.1.1.0/30 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 60 i

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*>i 57.1.1.0/30 5.5.5.5 0 100 0 70 i

Route Distinguisher: 100:22 (default for vrf export_out)

*> 1.1.1.1/32 23.1.1.1 0 120 i

*> 2.2.2.2/32 23.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 6.6.6.6/32 23.1.1.1 0 120 100 60 i

*> 7.7.7.7/32 23.1.1.1 0 120 100 70 i

*> 12.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 120 i

*> 13.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 120 i

r> 23.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 0 120 i

*> 46.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 120 100 60 i

*> 57.1.1.0/30 23.1.1.1 0 120 100 70 i

從上述輸出可看出，R6和R7上的路由已經加入路由表，而且其下一跳是23.1.1.1，由CE-R2通告過來的，其通過的路徑爲120 100 60、120 100 70；

R3#show ip bgp ***v4 all 6.6.6.6

BGP routing table entry for 100:6:6.6.6.6/32, version 36

Paths: (1 available, best #1, no table)

Not advertised to any peer

Refresh Epoch 4

4.4.4.4 (metric 2) from 4.4.4.4 (4.4.4.4)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best

Extended Community: RT:100:67

mpls labels in/out nolabel/203

BGP routing table entry for 100:11:6.6.6.6/32, version 40

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table import_in)

Advertised to update-groups:

Refresh Epoch 3

60, imported path from 100:6:6.6.6.6/32

4.4.4.4 (metric 2) from 4.4.4.4 (4.4.4.4)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best

Extended Community: RT:100:67

mpls labels in/out nolabel/203

BGP routing table entry for 100:22:6.6.6.6/32, version 62

Paths: (1 available, best #1, table export_out)

Advertised to update-groups:

Refresh Epoch 6

120 100 60

23.1.1.1 from 23.1.1.1 (2.2.2.2)

Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external, best

Extended Community: RT:100:12

mpls labels in/out 105/nolabel

在R6和R7上查看路由狀況

R6#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 02:12:58

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 2.2.2.2 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 02:12:58

6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 7.7.7.7 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 00:11:02

12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 12.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 02:12:58

13.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 13.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 02:12:58

23.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 23.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 02:12:58

46.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 46.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L 46.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

57.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 57.1.1.0 [20/0] via 46.1.1.1, 00:11:02

R7#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 02:13:11

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 2.2.2.2 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 02:13:11

6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 6.6.6.6 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 00:11:14

7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 7.7.7.7 is directly connected, Loopback0

12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 12.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 02:13:11

13.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 13.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 02:13:11

23.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 23.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 02:13:11

46.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B 46.1.1.0 [20/0] via 57.1.1.1, 00:11:14

57.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 57.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L 57.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

實驗測試：

R6#ping 7.7.7.7 source loopback 0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 7.7.7.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 6.6.6.6

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 180/196/208 ms

R6#traceroute 7.7.7.7 source loopback 0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 7.7.7.7

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 46.1.1.1 96 msec 96 msec 100 msec

2 23.1.1.2 [AS 120] [MPLS: Label 102 Exp 0] 100 msec 96 msec 96 msec

3 23.1.1.1 [AS 120] 140 msec 96 msec 160 msec

4 12.1.1.1 [AS 120] 208 msec 136 msec 108 msec

5 13.1.1.2 [AS 120] 180 msec 224 msec 148 msec

6 57.1.1.1 [AS 70] [MPLS: Label 303 Exp 0] 168 msec 148 msec 104 msec

7 57.1.1.2 [AS 70] 228 msec 208 msec 176 msec

從上可知，路徑爲：R6->R4->R3->R2->R1->R3->R5->R7

R7#ping 6.6.6.6 source loopback 0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 6.6.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 7.7.7.7

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 176/200/212 ms

R7#traceroute 6.6.6.6 source loopback 0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 6.6.6.6

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 57.1.1.1 92 msec 100 msec *

2 23.1.1.2 [AS 120] [MPLS: Label 105 Exp 0] 120 msec 116 msec 180 msec

3 23.1.1.1 [AS 120] 132 msec 168 msec 136 msec

4 12.1.1.1 [AS 120] 144 msec 96 msec 144 msec

5 13.1.1.2 [AS 120] 140 msec 224 msec 140 msec

6 46.1.1.1 [AS 60] [MPLS: Label 203 Exp 0] 212 msec 148 msec 136 msec

7 46.1.1.2 [AS 60] 204 msec * 172 msec

從上可知，路徑爲：R7->R5->R3->R2->R1->R3->R4->R6

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