項目剛剛開發的時候,並無作好充足的準備。開發到必定程度的時候纔會想到還有一些問題沒有解決。就好比今天我要說的一個問題:異常的處理。寫程序的時候通常都會經過try...catch...finally對異常進行處理,可是咱們真的能在寫程序的時候處理掉全部可能發生的異常嗎? 以及發生異常的時候執行什麼邏輯,返回什麼提示信息,跳轉到什麼頁面,這些都是要考慮到的。前端
參考文檔:http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/1866350java
@ControllerAdvice註解內部使用@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder、@ModelAttribute註解的方法應用到全部的 @RequestMapping註解的方法。本例子中使用ExceptionHandler應用到全部@RequestMapping註解的方法,處理髮生的異常。git
示例代碼:github
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.hjz.exception.ServiceException; import com.hjz.exception.utils.ExceptionUtils; @ResponseBody public class ExceptionAdvice { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExceptionAdvice.class); /** * 攔截web層異常,記錄異常日誌,並返回友好信息到前端 * 目前只攔截Exception,是否要攔截Error需再作考慮 * * @param e 異常對象 * @return 異常提示 */ @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public ResponseEntity<String> handleException(Exception e) { //不須要再記錄ServiceException,由於在service異常切面中已經記錄過 if (!(e instanceof ServiceException)) { LOGGER.error(ExceptionUtils.getExcTrace(e)); } HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.set("Content-type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); headers.add("icop-content-type", "exception"); String message = StringUtils.isEmpty(e.getMessage()) ? "系統異常!!" : e.getMessage(); return new ResponseEntity<>(message, headers, HttpStatus.OK); } }
若是不起做用,請檢查 spring-mvc的配置文件,是否有ControllerAdvice的以下配置web
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xx" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>
附上:Spring MVC的Controller統一異常處理:HandlerExceptionResolverspring
1.處理controller層的異常 WebExceptionAspect.javaexpress
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes; import com.hjz.exception.ServiceException; import com.hjz.exception.utils.ExceptionUtils; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; /** * web異常切面 * 默認spring aop不會攔截controller層,使用該類須要在spring公共配置文件中注入改bean, * 另外須要配置<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/> */ @Aspect public class WebExceptionAspect { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebExceptionAspect.class); @Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping)") private void webPointcut() {} /** * 攔截web層異常,記錄異常日誌,並返回友好信息到前端 * 目前只攔截Exception,是否要攔截Error需再作考慮 * * @param e 異常對象 */ @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "webPointcut()", throwing = "e") public void handleThrowing(Exception e) { //不須要再記錄ServiceException,由於在service異常切面中已經記錄過 if (!(e instanceof ServiceException)) { LOGGER.error(ExceptionUtils.getExcTrace(e)); } String errorMsg = StringUtils.isEmpty(e.getMessage()) ? "系統異常" : e.getMessage(); writeContent(errorMsg); } /** * 將內容輸出到瀏覽器 * * @param content 輸出內容 */ private void writeContent(String content) { HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getResponse(); response.reset(); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); response.setHeader("icop-content-type", "exception"); PrintWriter writer = null; try { writer = response.getWriter(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } writer.print(content); writer.flush(); writer.close(); } }
2.處理service層的異常ServiceExceptionAspect .java瀏覽器
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import com.hjz.exception.ServiceException; import com.hjz.exception.utils.ExceptionUtils; @Aspect public class ServiceExceptionAspect { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceExceptionAspect.class); /** * @within(org.springframework.stereotype.Service),攔截帶有 @Service 註解的類的全部方法 * @annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping),攔截帶有@RquestMapping的註解方法 */ @Pointcut("@within(org.springframework.stereotype.Service) && execution(public * *(..))") private void servicePointcut() {} /** * 攔截service層異常,記錄異常日誌,並設置對應的異常信息 * 目前只攔截Exception,是否要攔截Error需再作考慮 * * @param e 異常對象 */ @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "servicePointcut()", throwing = "e") public void handle(JoinPoint point, Exception e) { LOGGER.error(ExceptionUtils.getExcTrace(e)); String signature = point.getSignature().toString(); String errorMsg = getMessage(signature) == null ? (StringUtils.isEmpty(e.getMessage()) ? "服務異常" : e.getMessage()) : getMessage(signature); throw new ServiceException(errorMsg, e); } /** * 獲取方法簽名對應的提示消息 * * @param signature 方法簽名 * @return 提示消息 */ private String getMessage(String signature) { return null; } }
3.使用方式,在spring的公共配置文件中加入以下配置:spring-mvc
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" /> <bean class="com.hjz.exception.aspect.ServiceExceptionAspect" /> <bean class="com.hjz.exception.aspect.WebExceptionAspect" />
或者 自定義一個 註冊類,ServiceExceptionAspect.java和WebExceptionAspect.java都加入@Component註解mvc
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy; /** * 異常相關bean註冊類 */ @Configuration @EnableAspectJAutoProxy @ComponentScan("com.hjz.exception.aspect") public class ExceptionConfig { }
注:spring 公共配置文件中的配置 改爲 <bean class="com.hjz.exception.config.ExceptionConfig"/>,若是controller層的異常沒法攔截,請將配置換到springmvc的配置文件中,緣由請見(SpringMVC關於AOP攔截controller的注意事項)
@Aspect @Component public class WebExceptionAspect { .......... } @Aspect @Component public class ServiceExceptionAspect { ......... }
@within(org.springframework.stereotype.Service),攔截帶有 @Service 註解的類的全部方法
@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping),攔截帶有@RquestMapping的註解方法
分別編寫controller層和service層的異常測試類。這個很簡單,在方法裏簡單的拋一下異常就能夠了。最後驗證一下,異常發生的時候有沒有 執行 @AfterThrowing對應的方法就行了。具體仍是看我寫的demo吧,嘿嘿嘿!!!
完整項目下載地址:https://github.com/hjzgg/Spring-annotation-AOP-Exception_handling