在my.cnf中將MySQL默認字符集更改成UTF-8？

目前咱們在PHP中使用如下命令在咱們的應用程序中將字符集設置爲UTF-8 。

因爲這有點開銷，咱們想將其設置爲MySQL中的默認設置。 咱們能夠在/etc/my.cnf或其餘地方這樣作嗎？

SET NAMES 'utf8'
SET CHARACTER SET utf8

我在/etc/my.cnf中找了一個默認的字符集，可是沒有關於字符集的內容。

此時，我執行如下操做將MySQL字符集和校對變量設置爲UTF-8：

skip-character-set-client-handshake
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8

這是處理這個問題的正確方法嗎？

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#1樓

在Xubuntu 12.04下我簡單地補充道

[mysqld]
character_set_server = utf8

到/etc/mysql/my.cnf

結果是

mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

另請查看http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-server.html

---

#2樓

對於最新版本的MySQL，

default-character-set = utf8

致使問題。 我認爲它已被棄用了。

正如Justin Ball在「 升級到MySQL 5.5.12而且如今MySQL沒法啓動 」中所說，你應該：

1. 刪除該指令，你應該是好的。

2. 而後您的配置文件（例如'/etc/my.cnf'）應以下所示：

   [mysqld] collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8

3. 重啓MySQL。

4. 爲了確保您的MySQL是UTF-8，請在MySQL提示符中運行如下查詢：

   • 第一個查詢：

     mysql> show variables like 'char%';

     輸出應以下所示：

     +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/| +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

   • 第二個查詢：

     mysql> show variables like 'collation%';

     查詢輸出是：

     +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+

---

#3樓

此處列出的全部設置都是正確的，但這裏是最佳且充分的解決方案：

[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci

[client]
default-character-set = utf8

將這些添加到/etc/mysql/my.cnf 。

請注意，因爲性能問題，我選擇utf8_unicode_ci類型的排序規則。

結果是：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+

這是當您做爲非SUPER用戶鏈接時！

例如，做爲SUPER和非SUPER用戶的鏈接之間的區別（固然在utf8_unicode_ci整理的狀況下）：

超級私人用戶：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | <---
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+

非SUPER私人用戶：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+

我寫了一篇全面的文章 （rus），詳細解釋了爲何你應該使用一個或另外一個選項。 考慮全部類型的字符集和排序規則 ：用於服務器，用於數據庫，用於鏈接，用於表，甚至用於列。

我但願這篇文章和文章將有助於澄清不明確的時刻。

---

#4樓

更改MySQL角色：

客戶

default-character-set=utf8

mysqld的

character_set_server=utf8

咱們不該該在mysqld中寫default-character-set=utf8 ，由於這可能會致使以下錯誤：

開始：做業沒法啓動

最後：

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name            | Value                      |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
 | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
 | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
 | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
 | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
 | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
 | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

---

#5樓

MySQL 5.5，你只須要：

[mysqld]
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
collation_server=utf8_unicode_ci

collation_server是可選的。

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)