drf的解析模塊(瞭解) - 服務的對象是數據包數據
一、能夠在視圖類中經過parser_classes類屬性對該視圖的數據包解析作配置 - 局部配置
二、能夠在項目的配置文件的drf配置中經過DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES對該視圖的數據包解析作配置 - 全局配置html
核心:請求的數據包格式會有三種(json、urlencoded、form-data),drf默認支持三種數據的解析,能夠全局或局部配置視圖類具體支持的解析方式python
,系統默認三種都是支持的,主要是設置用戶請求的數據包,進行配置,要求只要一種數據,方便使用。web
根據請求頭 content-type 選擇對應的解析器對請求體內容進行處理。django
有application/json,x-www-form-urlencoded,form-data等格式json
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [ 'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser', ], }
urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view()), ]
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response class TestView(APIView): def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 獲取請求的值,並使用對應的JSONParser進行處理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data時,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST請求,響應內容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT請求,響應內容')
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser # json格式 from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser # JSONParser: json數據 # FormParser: urlencoded # MultiPartParser:form-data class Book(APIView): parser_classes = [JSONParser,] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('get ok') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request._request.GET) print(request.data) print(request.data.dict()) # print(request.data.dict()) return Response({ 'status': 0, 'msg': "post ok" })
parser_classes = [FormParser]
parser_classes = [MultiPartParser,]
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/(?P<filename>[^/]+)', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ] #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [FileUploadParser, ] def post(self, request, filename, *args, **kwargs): print(filename) print(request.content_type) # 獲取請求的值,並使用對應的JSONParser進行處理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data時,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST請求,響應內容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT請求,響應內容') <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/f1.numbers" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="file" name="img"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
當同時使用多個parser時,rest framework會根據請求頭content-type自動進行比對,並使用對應parserapi
from django.conf.urls import url, include from web.views import TestView urlpatterns = [ url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'), ] #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.request import Request from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser class TestView(APIView): parser_classes = [JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser, ] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print(request.content_type) # 獲取請求的值,並使用對應的JSONParser進行處理 print(request.data) # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data時,request.POST中才有值 print(request.POST) print(request.FILES) return Response('POST請求,響應內容') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response('PUT請求,響應內容')
解析模塊源碼分析
一、APIView的dispatch方法:self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)內部還提供了數據解析
二、self.get_parser_context(request)提供要解析的數據,self.get_parsers()提供解析的類對象(內部從配置中找解析類)app
入口:dispatch()方法函數
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ Returns the initial request object. """ # 準備要解析的內容 parser_context = self.get_parser_context(request) return Request( request, # 解析模塊,在封裝原生的request的時候,將數據一併解析 parsers=self.get_parsers(),#獲取解析類 authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),# 處理請求 negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),# 處理導航的 parser_context=parser_context )
解析的內容源碼分析
def get_parser_context(self, http_request): """ Returns a dict that is passed through to Parser.parse(), as the `parser_context` keyword argument. """ # Note: Additionally `request` and `encoding` will also be added # to the context by the Request object. # 壓迫被解析的內容 return { 'view': self, 'args': getattr(self, 'args', ()), 'kwargs': getattr(self, 'kwargs', {}) }
def get_parsers(self): """ Instantiates and returns the list of parsers that this view can use. """ # 可以完成局部和全局的 配置 return [parser() for parser in self.parser_classes]
# 1 在調用request.data時,才進行解析,由此入手 @property def data(self): if not _hasattr(self, '_full_data'): self._load_data_and_files() return self._full_data # 2 查看self._load_data_and_files()方法---->self._data, self._files = self._parse() def _parse(self): #用戶請求頭裏content_type的值 media_type = self.content_type #self.parsers 就是用戶配置的parser_classes = [FileUploadParser,FormParser ] #self裏就有content_type,傳入此函數 parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers) # 3 查看self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers) def select_parser(self, request, parsers): #同過media_type和request.content_type比較,來返回解析器,而後調用解析器的解析方法 #每一個解析器都有media_type = 'multipart/form-data'屬性 for parser in parsers: if media_type_matches(parser.media_type, request.content_type): return parser return None # 4 最終調用parser的解析方法來解析parsed = parser.parse(stream, media_type, self.parser_context) # 1 Request實例化,parsers=self.get_parsers() Request( request, parsers=self.get_parsers(), authenticators=self.get_authenticators(), negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(), parser_context=parser_context ) # 2 get_parsers方法,循環實例化出self.parser_classes中類對象 def get_parsers(self): return [parser() for parser in self.parser_classes] # 3 self.parser_classes 先從類自己找,找不到去父類找即APIVIew 中的 parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES # 4 api_settings是一個對象,對象裏找DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES屬性,找不到,會到getattr方法 def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr not in self.defaults: raise AttributeError("Invalid API setting: '%s'" % attr) try: #調用self.user_settings方法,返回一個字典,字典再取attr屬性 val = self.user_settings[attr] except KeyError: # Fall back to defaults val = self.defaults[attr] # Coerce import strings into classes if attr in self.import_strings: val = perform_import(val, attr) # Cache the result self._cached_attrs.add(attr) setattr(self, attr, val) return val # 5 user_settings方法 ,經過反射去setting配置文件裏找REST_FRAMEWORK屬性,找不到,返回空字典 @property def user_settings(self): if not hasattr(self, '_user_settings'): self._user_settings = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK', {}) return self._user_settings