利用C#建立和安裝一個windows服務

時間 2019-11-09

標籤利用 c# 建立安裝一個 windows 服務欄目 C# 简体版

原文原文鏈接

最近項目須要，須要定時獲取天氣資料往數據數庫內寫入數據，因此就考慮到了.net內的window服務。之前沒有這方面的需求，因此基本沒怎麼接觸過。因此也藉此次機會好好補充下這方面的知識，以備之後工做之需。javascript

關於winds服務的介紹，這裏有一篇文章介紹得很清楚：http://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/7295739，但這裏的具體步驟講述不是很清楚，因此現用具體的方式再講述下windows服務的開發與安裝事項。html

開發環境：Win7 32位；工具：visualstudio2010。由於win7自帶的就有.net環境，算是偷一下懶吧。由於不管是手動安裝或程序安裝都要用到。一個目錄（默認C盤爲操做系統的狀況）：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework，若是你的代碼是.net2.0：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727；4.0：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319。下面看一下代碼： 1、建立windows服務如圖新建一個Windows服務進入程序如圖空白服務以下java

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
public Service1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
}
}

 public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
    {
        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;


        public Service1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }


        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
        }


        protected override void OnStop()
        {
        }
    }

只要在OnStart裏完成你的功能代碼便可。本例中咱們作一個定時向本地文件寫記錄的功能。如圖建立一個類，用戶寫文件，windows

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

public class FileOpetation
{
/// <summary>
/// 保存至本地文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ETMID"></param>
/// <param name="content"></param>
public static void SaveRecord(string content)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
{
return;
}
FileStream fileStream = null;
StreamWriter streamWriter = null;
try
{
string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase, string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now));
using (fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write))
{
using (streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream))
{
streamWriter.Write(content);
if (streamWriter != null)
{
streamWriter.Close();
}
}
if (fileStream != null)
{
fileStream.Close();
}
}
}
catch { }
}
}

 public class FileOpetation
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 保存至本地文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ETMID"></param>
        /// <param name="content"></param>
        public static void SaveRecord(string content)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
            {
                return;
            }


            FileStream fileStream = null;


            StreamWriter streamWriter = null;


            try
            {
                string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase, string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now));


                using (fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write))
                {
                    using (streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream))
                    {
                        streamWriter.Write(content);


                        if (streamWriter != null)
                        {
                            streamWriter.Close();
                        }
                    }


                    if (fileStream != null)
                    {
                        fileStream.Close();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch { }
        }
    }

那麼在Service1中調用，ide

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
public Service1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
IntialSaveRecord();
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
if (recordTimer != null)
{
recordTimer.Dispose();
}
}
private void IntialSaveRecord()
{
TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask);
AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);
}
private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)
{
FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"當前記錄時間：{0},情況：程序運行正常！", DateTime.Now));
}
}

 public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
    {
        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;


        public Service1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }


        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            IntialSaveRecord();
        }


        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            if (recordTimer != null)
            {
                recordTimer.Dispose();
            }
        }


        private void IntialSaveRecord()
        {
            TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask);


            AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);


            recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);
        }


        private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)
        {
            FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"當前記錄時間：{0},情況：程序運行正常！", DateTime.Now));
        }
    }

這樣服務算是寫的差很少了，下面添加一個安裝類，用於安裝。如圖，在service1上右鍵-添加安裝程序，如圖，添加一個安裝程序，如圖，添加完成後，設置相應的屬性，給serviceInstaller1設置屬性，主要是描述信息。如圖，給serviceProcessInstaller1設置，主要是account。通常選localsystem，如圖，這樣服務已經寫好了。那麼如何添加到windows服務裏面去呢。除了以前說過的用CMD，InstallUtil.exe和服務的exe文件進行手動添加。這些能夠用代碼來實現的。固然主要過程都是同樣的。代碼實現也是使用dos命令來完成的。 2、代碼安裝Windows服務上面寫好的服務，最終生成的是一個exe文件。如圖，安裝程序安裝時須要用到這個exe的路徑，因此方便起見，將這個生成的exe文件拷貝至安裝程序的運行目錄下。工具

安裝代碼，字體

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);
string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe";//由於當前用的是4.0的環境
string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"\MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服務的exe程序拷貝到了當前運行目錄下，因此用此路徑
string serviceInstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安裝服務時使用的dos命令
string serviceUninstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸載服務時使用的dos命令
try
{
if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
{
string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand };
string ss = Cmd(cmd);
CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
}
}
catch
{
}
Thread.Sleep(1000);
try
{
if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
{
string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceInstallCommand };
string ss = Cmd(cmd);
CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
}
}
catch
{
}
try
{
Thread.Sleep(3000);
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");
if (sc != null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) ||
(sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))
{
sc.Start();
}
sc.Refresh();
}
catch
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 運行CMD命令
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Cmd(string[] cmd)
{
Process p = new Process();
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
p.Start();
p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)
{
p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());
}
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
return strRst;
}
/// <summary>
/// 關閉進程
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ProcName">進程名稱</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool CloseProcess(string ProcName)
{
bool result = false;
System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
string tempName = "";
int begpos;
int endpos;
foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())
{
tempName = thisProc.ToString();
begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;
endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");
tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);
procList.Add(tempName);
if (tempName == ProcName)
{
if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())
thisProc.Kill(); // 當發送關閉窗口命令無效時強行結束進程
result = true;
}
}
return result;
}
}

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
             Application.EnableVisualStyles();


            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);


            string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);


            string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe";//由於當前用的是4.0的環境


            string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"\MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服務的exe程序拷貝到了當前運行目錄下，因此用此路徑


            string serviceInstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0}  {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安裝服務時使用的dos命令


            string serviceUninstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸載服務時使用的dos命令


            try
            {
                if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
                {
                    string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand };


                    string ss = Cmd(cmd);


                    CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
                }


            }
            catch
            {
            }


            Thread.Sleep(1000);


            try
            {
                if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
                {
                    string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceInstallCommand };


                    string ss = Cmd(cmd);


                    CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
                }


            }
            catch
            {


            }


            try
            {
                Thread.Sleep(3000);


                ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");


                if (sc != null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) ||


                          (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))
                {
                    sc.Start();
                }
                sc.Refresh();
            }
            catch
            {
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 運行CMD命令
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Cmd(string[] cmd)
        {
            Process p = new Process();
            p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
            p.Start();
            p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)
            {
                p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());
            }
            p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
            string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
            p.WaitForExit();
            p.Close();
            return strRst;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 關閉進程
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ProcName">進程名稱</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool CloseProcess(string ProcName)
        {
            bool result = false;
            System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
            string tempName = "";
            int begpos;
            int endpos;
            foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())
            {
                tempName = thisProc.ToString();
                begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;
                endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");
                tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);
                procList.Add(tempName);
                if (tempName == ProcName)
                {
                    if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())
                        thisProc.Kill(); // 當發送關閉窗口命令無效時強行結束進程
                    result = true;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

這段代碼其實能夠放在項目中的某個地方，或單獨執行程序中，只好設置好dotNetPath和serviceEXEPath路徑就能夠了。this

運行完後，如圖，再在安裝目錄下看記錄的文件，spa

這樣，一個windows服務安裝成功了。操作系統

代碼下載：http://download.csdn.net/detail/yysyangyangyangshan/6032671

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/10515035

再另加windows服務的具體安裝步驟：

安裝服務

點擊開始，運行中輸入cmd，獲取命令提示符

win7須要已管理員的身份啓動，不然沒法安裝

步驟閱讀

2

輸入 cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319 回車

切換當前目錄，此處須要注意的是，在C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework目錄下有不少相似版本，具體去哪一個目錄要看項目的運行環境，例若是是.net framework2.0則須要輸入 cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727

步驟閱讀
3

輸入 InstallUtil.exe E:\TestApp\Winform\WinServiceTest\WinServiceTest\bin\Debug\WinServiceTest.exe 回車

說明：E:\TestApp\Winform\WinServiceTest\WinServiceTest\bin\Debug\WinServiceTest.exe表示項目生成的exe文件位置

步驟閱讀
4

打開服務，就能夠看到已經安裝的服務了

步驟閱讀

END

百度經驗:jingyan.baidu.com

卸載服務

1
卸載很簡單，打開cmd，直接輸入 sc delete WinServiceTest即可

其餘安裝方式：

裝Winfows服務首先要添加安裝程序，添加安裝程序步驟以下：

一、將Windows服務程序切換到設計視圖，右擊設計視圖選擇「添加安裝程序」

二、切換到剛被添加的ProjectInstaller的設計視圖

通常設置以下：

設置serviceInstaller1組件的屬性： 1) ServiceName = 服務名稱 2) StartType = Automatic ，即自動設置serviceProcessInstaller1組件的屬性 1) Account = LocalSystem，帳戶通常設置爲本地系統

三、生成解決方案

安裝服務：

方法1、使用DOS命令安裝window服務

一、在服務所在的文件夾下的bin\debug文件夾下找到.exe文件（例如WindowsService1.exe）

將此文件拷貝到你想安裝的文件夾中。

二、進入DOS界面

（VS2008-->Visual Studio Tools-->Visual Studio 2008 命令提示）來進入DOS，直接用cmd可能有些命令找不到；

三、輸入

方法2、使用安裝項目安裝windows服務

我的比較推薦這個方法，選擇目錄安裝更靈活，並且不用在DOS環境下運行。

由於本人比較懶，直接給出別人總結的地址

http://blog.csdn.net/dyzcode/article/details/6981547

注意，之後每次服務項目有更改的時候，須要編譯服務後，在安裝項目中刷新依賴項！！！

方法3、

在ProjectInstaller.cs的後臺代碼中添加安裝服務和卸載服務的代碼
[csharp] view plain copy print ?
1. /// <summary>
2. /// 安裝服務
3. /// </summary>
4. /// <param name="stateSaver"></param>
5. public override void Install(System.Collections.IDictionary stateSaver)
6. {
7. Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
8. //HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\CurrentControlSet
9. currentControlSet,
10. //...\Services
11. services,
12. //...\<Service Name>
13. service,
14. //...\Parameters - this is where you can put service-specific configuration
15. config;
17. try
18. {
19. //Let the project installer do its job
20. base.Install(stateSaver);
22. //Open the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM key
23. system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
24. //Open CurrentControlSet
25. currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
26. //Go to the services key
27. services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
28. //Open the key for your service, and allow writing
29. service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
30. //Add your service's description as a REG_SZ value named "Description"
31. service.SetValue("Description", "<span style="font-family: KaiTi_GB2312;">描述語言</span>");
32. //(Optional) Add some custom information your service will use...
33. config = service.CreateSubKey("Parameters");
34. }
35. catch (Exception e)
36. {
37. Console.WriteLine("An exception was thrown during service installation:\n" + e.ToString());
38. }
39. }
41. /// <summary>
42. /// 卸載服務
43. /// </summary>
44. /// <param name="savedState"></param>
45. public override void Uninstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
46. {
47. Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
48. currentControlSet,
49. services,
50. service;
52. try
53. {
54. //Drill down to the service key and open it with write permission
55. system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
56. currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
57. services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
58. service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
59. //Delete any keys you created during installation (or that your service created)
60. service.DeleteSubKeyTree("Parameters");
61. //...
62. }
63. catch (Exception e)
64. {
65. Console.WriteLine("Exception encountered while uninstalling service:\n" + e.ToString());
66. }
67. finally
68. {
69. //Let the project installer do its job
70. base.Uninstall(savedState);
71. }
72. }
```
        /// <summary>
        /// 安裝服務
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stateSaver"></param>
        public override void Install(System.Collections.IDictionary stateSaver)
        {
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
                //HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\CurrentControlSet
                currentControlSet,
                //...\Services
                services,
                //...\<Service Name>
                service,
                //...\Parameters - this is where you can put service-specific configuration
                config;

            try
            {
                //Let the project installer do its job
                base.Install(stateSaver);

                //Open the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM key
                system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
                //Open CurrentControlSet
                currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
                //Go to the services key
                services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
                //Open the key for your service, and allow writing
                service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
                //Add your service's description as a REG_SZ value named "Description"
                service.SetValue("Description", "描述語言");
                //(Optional) Add some custom information your service will use...
                config = service.CreateSubKey("Parameters");
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception was thrown during service installation:\n" + e.ToString());
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 卸載服務
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="savedState"></param>
        public override void Uninstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
        {
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
                currentControlSet,
                services,
                service;

            try
            {
                //Drill down to the service key and open it with write permission
                system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
                currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
                services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
                service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
                //Delete any keys you created during installation (or that your service created)
                service.DeleteSubKeyTree("Parameters");
                //...
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception encountered while uninstalling service:\n" + e.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                //Let the project installer do its job
                base.Uninstall(savedState);
            }
        }
```
代碼添加完成後

添加window service安裝的批處理命令

1）在項目添加一個文本文件，改名爲install.bat，編輯文件的內容以下：

@echo off C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe -i "WindowsService1.exe" @pause

2）在項目添加一個文本文件，改名爲uninstall.bat，編輯文件的內容以下

@echo off C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe -u "WindowsService1.exe" @pause

說明：上面綠色字體爲服務名稱

編譯完成後將debug的文件拷貝到想安裝的目錄下，點擊install.bat即完成安裝。

相關標籤/搜索

每日一句

每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。