MongoDB 索引的最佳實踐

時間  2019-11-06
標籤 mongodb 索引 最佳 實踐 欄目 MongoDB 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

前言

大部分開發者都知道加索引會快。但實際過程當中，咱們常碰到一些疑問&困難：git

  • 咱們查詢的字段會各類case都有，是否是各個涉及查詢的字段都要加索引？
  • 複合索引和單字段怎麼選擇，都加仍是每個的單個字段就行了？
  • 加索引有沒有反作用？
  • 索引都加了，但仍是不夠快？怎麼辦？

本文嘗試去解釋索引的基本知識&解答上述的疑問。redis

1、索引到底是什麼東西？

大部分開發者接觸索引，大概知道索引相似書的目錄，你要找到想要的內容，經過目錄找到限定的關鍵字，進而找到對應的章節的pageno，再找到具體的內容。
在數據結構裏面，最簡單的索引實現相似hashmap，經過關鍵字key，映射到具體的位置，找到具體的內容。但除了hash的方式，還有多種的方式實現索引。算法

（一）索引的多種實現方式以及特點

hash / b-tree / b+-tree redis HSET / MongoDB&PostgreSQL / MySQLsql

hashmap數組

一圖見b-tree & b+-tree 差異：bash

  • b+-tree 葉子存數據，非葉子存索引，不存數據，葉子間有link
  • b-tree 非葉子可存數據

算法查找複雜度上來講：數據結構

  • hash 接近O(1)
  • b-tree O(1)~ O(Log(n))更快的平均查找時間，不穩定的查詢時間
  • b+ tree O(Log(n)) 連續數據， 查詢的穩定性

至於爲什麼MongoDB 的實現選擇b-tree 而非 b+-tree ？
網上多篇文章有闡述，非本文重點。less

（二）數據&索引的存儲

index儘可能存儲在內存，data 其次。
注意只保留必要的index，內存儘可能用在刀刃上。
若是index memory 都接近佔滿memory，那麼就很容易讀到disk，速度就下來了。

（三）知道索引的實現&存儲原理後的思考

insert/update/delete 會觸發rebalance tree，因此，增刪改數據，索引會觸發修改，性能會有損耗，索引不是越多越好。既然如此，選哪些字段做爲索引呢？當查詢用到這些條件，怎麼辦？
拿一個最簡單的hashmap來說，爲何複雜度不是O(1)，而是所謂接近 O(1)。由於有key 衝突/重複，DB 去找的時候，key 衝突的數據一大堆的話，仍是得輪着繼續找。b-tree 看鍵(key)的選擇也是如此。
所以一個大部分開發常常犯的錯就是對沒有區分度的key建索引。例如：不少就只有集中類別的 type/status 的 documents count 達幾十萬以上的collection，一般這種索引沒什麼幫助。性能

2、複合索引

（一）複合索引不是越多越好

若是不想多建多餘的索引，開發的同事在複合 & 單個字段選擇上有時候挺糾結的。 根據典型碰到的場景，來作幾個實驗：
這裏建立了個loans collection。簡化只有100條數據。這個是借貸的表有 _id, userId, status(借貸狀態), amount(金額).優化

db.loans.count()100

db.loans.find({ "userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "status" : "repayed", }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "$and" : [
   {
     "status" : {
       "$eq" : "repayed"
     }
   },
   {
     "userId" : {
       "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
     }
   }
 ]
},
"queryHash" : "15D5A9A1",
"planCacheKey" : "15D5A9A1",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "COLLSCAN",
 "filter" : {
   "$and" : [
     {
       "status" : {
         "$eq" : "repayed"
       }
     },
     {
       "userId" : {
         "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
       }
     }
   ]
 },
 "direction" : "forward"
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}   
複製代碼

注意上面 COLLSCAN 全表掃描了,由於沒有索引。接下來咱們分別創建幾個索引。
step 1 先創建 {userId:1, status:1}

db.loans.createIndex({userId:1, status:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}  
複製代碼
db.loans.find({ "userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "status" : "repayed", }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "$and" : [
   {
     "status" : {
       "$eq" : "repayed"
     }
   },
   {
     "userId" : {
       "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
     }
   }
 ]
},
"queryHash" : "15D5A9A1",
"planCacheKey" : "BB87F2BA",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1,
     "status" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ],
     "status" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
     ],
     "status" : [
       "["repayed", "repayed"]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

結果：如願命中 {userId:1, status:1} 做爲 winning plan。

step2：再創建個典型的索引 userId

db.loans.createIndex({userId:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 2,
"numIndexesAfter" : 3,
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼
db.loans.find({ "userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "status" : "repayed", }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "$and" : [
   {
     "status" : {
       "$eq" : "repayed"
     }
   },
   {
     "userId" : {
       "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
     }
   }
 ]
},
"queryHash" : "15D5A9A1",
"planCacheKey" : "1B1A4861",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1,
     "status" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ],
     "status" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "[\"59e022d33f239800129c61c7\", \"59e022d33f239800129c61c7\"]"
     ],
     "status" : [
       "[\"repayed\", \"repayed\"]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [
 {
   "stage" : "FETCH",
   "filter" : {
     "status" : {
       "$eq" : "repayed"
     }
   },
   "inputStage" : {
     "stage" : "IXSCAN",
     "keyPattern" : {
       "userId" : 1
     },
     "indexName" : "userId_1",
     "isMultiKey" : false,
     "multiKeyPaths" : {
       "userId" : [ ]
     },
     "isUnique" : false,
     "isSparse" : false,
     "isPartial" : false,
     "indexVersion" : 2,
     "direction" : "forward",
     "indexBounds" : {
       "userId" : [
         "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
       ]
     }
   }
 }
]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

留意到 DB 檢測到 {userId:1, status:1} 爲更優執行的方案.

db.loans.find({ "userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7" }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "userId" : {
   "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "B1777DBA",
"planCacheKey" : "1F09D68E",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [
 {
   "stage" : "FETCH",
   "inputStage" : {
     "stage" : "IXSCAN",
     "keyPattern" : {
       "userId" : 1,
       "status" : 1
     },
     "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
     "isMultiKey" : false,
     "multiKeyPaths" : {
       "userId" : [ ],
       "status" : [ ]
     },
     "isUnique" : false,
     "isSparse" : false,
     "isPartial" : false,
     "indexVersion" : 2,
     "direction" : "forward",
     "indexBounds" : {
       "userId" : [
         "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
       ],
       "status" : [
         "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
       ]
     }
   }
 }
]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

留意到 DB 檢測到 {userId:1} 爲更優執行的方案，嗯~，如咱們所料.

db.loans.find({ "status" : "repayed" }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "status" : {
   "$eq" : "repayed"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "E6304EB6",
"planCacheKey" : "7A94191B",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "COLLSCAN",
 "filter" : {
   "status" : {
     "$eq" : "repayed"
   }
 },
 "direction" : "forward"
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

有趣的部分：status不命中索引，全表掃描
接下來的步驟，加個sort :

db.loans.find({ "userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7" }).sort({status:1}).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "userId" : {
   "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "F5ABB1AA",
"planCacheKey" : "764CBAA8",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1,
     "status" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ],
     "status" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
     ],
     "status" : [
       "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [
 {
   "stage" : "SORT",
   "sortPattern" : {
     "status" : 1
   },
   "inputStage" : {
     "stage" : "SORT_KEY_GENERATOR",
     "inputStage" : {
       "stage" : "FETCH",
       "inputStage" : {
         "stage" : "IXSCAN",
         "keyPattern" : {
           "userId" : 1
         },
         "indexName" : "userId_1",
         "isMultiKey" : false,
         "multiKeyPaths" : {
           "userId" : [ ]
         },
         "isUnique" : false,
         "isSparse" : false,
         "isPartial" : false,
         "indexVersion" : 2,
         "direction" : "forward",
         "indexBounds" : {
           "userId" : [
             "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
           ]
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

（二）其餘嘗試

有趣的部分：status 不命中索引

db.loans.find({ "status" : "repayed","userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7", }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "$and" : [
   {
     "status" : {
       "$eq" : "repayed"
     }
   },
   {
     "userId" : {
       "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
     }
   }
 ]
},
"queryHash" : "15D5A9A1",
"planCacheKey" : "1B1A4861",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1,
     "status" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ],
     "status" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "[\"59e022d33f239800129c61c7\", \"59e022d33f239800129c61c7\"]"
     ],
     "status" : [
       "[\"repayed\", \"repayed\"]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [
 {
   "stage" : "FETCH",
   "filter" : {
     "status" : {
       "$eq" : "repayed"
     }
   },
   "inputStage" : {
     "stage" : "IXSCAN",
     "keyPattern" : {
       "userId" : 1
     },
     "indexName" : "userId_1",
     "isMultiKey" : false,
     "multiKeyPaths" : {
       "userId" : [ ]
     },
     "isUnique" : false,
     "isSparse" : false,
     "isPartial" : false,
     "indexVersion" : 2,
     "direction" : "forward",
     "indexBounds" : {
       "userId" : [
         "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
       ]
     }
   }
 }
]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

命中索引，跟query的各個字段順序不相關，如咱們猜想。
有趣部分再來， 咱們刪掉索引{userId:1}

db.loans.dropIndex({"userId":1})
{ "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : 1 }

db.loans.find({"userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7", }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "userId" : {
   "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "B1777DBA",
"planCacheKey" : "5776AB9C",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1,
     "status" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ],
     "status" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "["59e022d33f239800129c61c7", "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"]"
     ],
     "status" : [
       "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

DB 執行分析器以爲索引{userId:1, status:1} 能更優,沒有命中複合索引，這個是由於status不是leading field。

db.loans.find({ "status" : "repayed" }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "status" : {
   "$eq" : "repayed"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "E6304EB6",
"planCacheKey" : "7A94191B",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "COLLSCAN",
 "filter" : {
   "status" : {
     "$eq" : "repayed"
   }
 },
 "direction" : "forward"
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
複製代碼

再換個角度sort 一遍， 與前面query & sort互換，以前是：

db.loans.find({userId:1}).sort({ "status" : "repayed" })
複製代碼

看看有啥不同？

db.loans.find({ "status" : "repayed" }).sort({userId:1}).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "status" : {
   "$eq" : "repayed"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "56EA6313",
"planCacheKey" : "2CFCDA7F",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "filter" : {
   "status" : {
     "$eq" : "repayed"
   }
 },
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "userId" : 1,
     "status" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "userId_1_status_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "userId" : [ ],
     "status" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "userId" : [
       "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
     ],
     "status" : [
       "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
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如猜想，命中索引。
再來玩玩，確認下leading filed試驗：

db.loans.dropIndex("userId_1_status_1")
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
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db.loans.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
 "id" : 1
},
"name" : "id_",
"ns" : "cashLoan.loans"
}
]
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db.loans.createIndex({status:1, userId:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
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db.loans.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
 "id" : 1
},
"name" : "id_",
"ns" : "cashLoan.loans"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
 "status" : 1,
 "userId" : 1
},
"name" : "status_1_userId_1",
"ns" : "cashLoan.loans"
}
]
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db.loans.find({ "status" : "repayed" }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "status" : {
   "$eq" : "repayed"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "E6304EB6",
"planCacheKey" : "7A94191B",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
   "stage" : "IXSCAN",
   "keyPattern" : {
     "status" : 1,
     "userId" : 1
   },
   "indexName" : "status_1_userId_1",
   "isMultiKey" : false,
   "multiKeyPaths" : {
     "status" : [ ],
     "userId" : [ ]
   },
   "isUnique" : false,
   "isSparse" : false,
   "isPartial" : false,
   "indexVersion" : 2,
   "direction" : "forward",
   "indexBounds" : {
     "status" : [
       "["repayed", "repayed"]"
     ],
     "userId" : [
       "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
     ]
   }
 }
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
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db.loans.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
 "id" : 1
},
"name" : "id_",
"ns" : "cashLoan.loans"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
 "status" : 1,
 "userId" : 1
},
"name" : "status_1_userId_1",
"ns" : "cashLoan.loans"
}
]
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db.loans.find({"userId" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7", }).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cashLoan.loans",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
 "userId" : {
   "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
 }
},
"queryHash" : "B1777DBA",
"planCacheKey" : "5776AB9C",
"winningPlan" : {
 "stage" : "COLLSCAN",
 "filter" : {
   "userId" : {
     "$eq" : "59e022d33f239800129c61c7"
   }
 },
 "direction" : "forward"
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "RMBAP",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.1.11",
"gitVersion" : "1b8a9f5dc5c3314042b55e7415a2a25045b32a94"
},
"ok" : 1
}
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看完這個試驗，明白了 {userId:1, status:1} vs {status:1,userId:1} 的差異了嗎？

PS：這個case 裏面其實status 區分度不高，這裏只是做爲實例展現。

3、總結：

  • 注意使用上、使用頻率上、區分高的/經常使用的在前面；
  • 若是須要減小索引以節省memory/提升修改數據的性能的話，能夠保留區分度高，經常使用的，去除區分度不高，不經常使用的索引。
  • 學會用explain（）驗證分析性能：

DB 通常都有執行器優化的分析，MySQL & MongoDB 都是 用explain 來作分析。
語法上MySQL :

explain your_sql

MongoDB:

yoursql.explain()

總結典型：理想的查詢是結合explain 的指標，他們一般是多個的混合:

  • IXSCAN : 索引命中；
  • Limit : 帶limit；
  • Projection : 至關於非 select * ；
  • Docs Size less is better ；
  • Docs Examined less is better ；
  • nReturned=totalDocsExamined=totalKeysExamined ；
  • SORT in index ：sort 也是命中索引，不然，須要拿到數據後，再執行一遍排序；
  • Limit Array elements ： 限定數組返回的條數，數組也不該該太多數據，不然schema 設計不合理。

彩蛋

文末，還有最開頭1個問題沒回答：若是個人索引改加的都加了，還不夠快,怎麼辦？ 留個懸念，以後再寫一篇。

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