hashtable底層不保證物理內存順序,實現插入,查找和刪除時間複雜度O(1),這三種操做都是基於模仿了數組的隨機訪問:java
因此hash操做時間複雜度的關鍵是hashfun(key)時間複雜度,另外這個hashfun也部分決定了衝突發生的機率。node
java的LinkedHashSet繼承HashSet,而HashSet存儲數據用了HashMap,key-value的value使用了算法
private static final Object PRESENT = new Object()
java的LinkedHashMap繼承HashMap。
因此LinkedHashSet LinkedHashMap的hash函數都在HashMap裏面。數組
存儲值app
Node<K,V>[] table //真正存儲的地方
value類型node,除了存儲開發者關注的value外,還保存了hash值,以及hash衝突時節點next(源碼的不少處使用TreeNode,未分析)函數
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final int hash; final K key; V value; Node<K,V> next; Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) { this.hash = hash; this.key = key; this.value = value; this.next = next; } ... }
查找,只給開發者返回value,屏蔽底層node的其餘信息,根據hashfun計算index:(n - 1) & hashthis
public V get(Object key) { Node<K,V> e; return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value; } final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k; if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 && (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) { if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return first; if ((e = first.next) != null) { if (first instanceof TreeNode) return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key); do { if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } while ((e = e.next) != null); } } return null; }
插入,更新code
public V put(K key, V value) { return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true); } final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { Node<K,V> e; K k; if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; else if (p instanceof TreeNode) e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); else { for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } ++modCount; if (++size > threshold) resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; }
源碼爲了計算效率,大量使用了位運算符,賦值表達式返回值繼承
hash算法調用了object.hashCode,一個原生native方法,具體c源碼不討論。內存