除了通常的賦值和取值的方法,咱們還能夠用Key-Value-Coding(KVC)鍵值編碼來訪問你要存取的類的屬性。html
下圖來自蘋果官網:數組
如何使用KVC存取對象屬性呢?看個示例app
定義一個Student類,繼承於NSObject。函數
.h文件post
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Student : NSObject { NSString *name; } @end.m文件
#import "Student.h" @implementation Student @end
.m文件也沒有實現。name屬性沒有加property,原來的訪問方法就訪問不了name屬性了。怎麼辦呢?用kvc就能夠了this
#import "Student.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; [student setValue:@"張三" forKey:@"name"]; NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"學生姓名:%@",name); } return 0; }
打印結果:編碼
2012-07-20 15:04:09.920 objectiveC[1977:403] 學生姓名:張三url
張三 這個值存進去了,經過valueForKey取出來了。spa
若是存的時候key和類屬性的名稱不一致會怎麼樣呢?code
代碼改爲
[student setValue:@"張三" forKey:@"name1"];
運行,程序崩潰 ,打印:
2012-07-20 15:09:40.432 objectiveC[2069:403] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<Student 0x106f14270> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name1.'
提示沒有這個name1 這個key。
若是訪問這個類裏中的屬性中的屬性呢?那就用到了鍵路徑
關鍵字:鍵路徑取值valueForKeyPath 鍵路徑存值:forKeyPath
新建一個類Course,課程類,課程類有課程名稱這個屬性
.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Course : NSObject { NSString *CourseName; } @end.m文件
#import "Student.h" @implementation Student @end
在Student中添加Course屬性 ,student.h文件中代碼以下:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @class Course; @interface Student : NSObject { NSString *name; Course *course; } @end
實現仍是什麼都沒有,這裏就不貼代碼了
在main方法中,咱們實驗經過鍵路徑訪問Course中CourseName的屬性
#import "Student.h" #import "Course.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; [student setValue:@"張三" forKey:@"name"]; NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"學生姓名:%@",name); Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease]; [course setValue:@"語文課" forKey:@"CourseName"]; [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"]; NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; NSLog(@"課程名稱:%@", courseName); //也能夠這樣存值 [student setValue:@"數學課" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; NSLog(@"課程名稱:%@", courseName); } return 0; }
運行打印結果:
2012-07-20 15:33:51.902 objectiveC[2415:403] 學生姓名:張三
2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 課程名稱:語文課
2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 課程名稱:數學課
三、自動封裝基本數據類型
咱們在Student類中添加分數屬性 NSInteger point;
.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @class Course; @interface Student : NSObject { NSString *name; Course *course; NSInteger point; } @end.m文件不改變就無論了
下面是main示例了
#import "Student.h" #import "Course.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; [student setValue:@"張三" forKey:@"name"]; NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"學生姓名:%@",name); Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease]; [course setValue:@"語文課" forKey:@"CourseName"]; [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"]; NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; NSLog(@"課程名稱:%@", courseName); //也能夠這樣存值 [student setValue:@"數學課" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; NSLog(@"課程名稱:%@", courseName); [student setValue:@"88" forKeyPath:@"point"]; NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"]; NSLog(@"分數:%@", point); } return 0; }
打印結果:
2012-07-20 15:43:19.593 objectiveC[2533:403] 學生姓名:張三
2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 課程名稱:語文課
2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 課程名稱:數學課
2012-07-20 15:43:19.598 objectiveC[2533:403] 分數:88
咱們用NSString*類型設置的屬性值@"88",而咱們的屬性是NSInteger類型的,存取都沒有問題。
四、操做集合
在Student類中加入數組NSArray,用來表示其餘的學生。這樣咱們能夠添加多個其餘的學生,再用集合操做計算學生的分數,最高分,最低分,平均分等
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @class Course; @interface Student : NSObject { NSString *name; Course *course; NSInteger point; NSArray *otherStudent; } @end
.m文件實現不變。
在main函數中添加三個學生,添加到數組中,而後求平均分,最高,最低分,學生數量
#import "Student.h" #import "Course.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; [student setValue:@"張三" forKey:@"name"]; NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"學生姓名:%@",name); [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"]; NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"]; NSLog(@"分數:%@", point); Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease]; Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease]; Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease]; [student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"]; [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"]; [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"]; NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil]; [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"]; NSLog(@"其餘學生的成績%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]); NSLog(@"共%@個學生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]); NSLog(@"最高成績:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]); NSLog(@"最低成績:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]); NSLog(@"平均成績:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]); } return 0; }
運行打印結果
2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403] 學生姓名:張三
2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403] 分數:88
2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403] 其餘學生的成績(
65,
77,
99
)
2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 共3個學生
2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 最高成績:99
2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403] 最低成績:65
2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403] 平均成績:80.333333333333333333333333333333333333
還能夠求總和 @sum。